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Related Concept Videos

Statistical Hypothesis Testing01:16

Statistical Hypothesis Testing

Hypothesis testing is a critical statistical procedure facilitating informed, evidence-based decisions. It begins with a hypothesis, which is a tentative explanation, or a prediction about a population parameter. This hypothesis can be either a null hypothesis (H0), indicating no effect or difference, or an alternative hypothesis (Ha), suggesting an effect or difference.
Statistical significance measures the probability that an observed result occurred by chance. If this probability, known as...
What is an Experiment?01:12

What is an Experiment?

An experiment is a planned activity carried out under controlled conditions. The purpose of an experiment is to investigate the relationship between two variables. When one variable causes change in another, we call the first variable the explanatory or independent variable. The affected variable is called the response or dependent variable. In a randomized experiment, the researcher manipulates values of the explanatory variable and measures the resulting changes in the response variable. The...
Randomized Experiments01:13

Randomized Experiments

The randomization process involves assigning study participants randomly to experimental or control groups based on their probability of being equally assigned. Randomization is meant to eliminate selection bias and balance known and unknown confounding factors so that the control group is similar to the treatment group as much as possible. A computer program and a random number generator can be used to assign participants to groups in a way that minimizes bias.
Simple randomization
Simple...
Blinding01:11

Blinding

Blinding is a commonly used method of not telling participants which treatment a subject is receiving. Blinding is a critical part of a randomized control trial or RCT. It reduces the bias that affects the results. In an RCT, blinding is used in the form of a placebo. A placebo effect occurs when untreated subjects falsely believe they have received the treatment and report improved symptoms. A placebo or a dummy treatment is administered to subjects to negate the bias caused by such an effect.
Statistical Significance01:37

Statistical Significance

Once data is collected from both the experimental and the control groups, a statistical analysis is conducted to find out if there are meaningful differences between the two groups. A statistical analysis determines how likely any difference found is due to chance (and thus not meaningful). In psychology, group differences are considered meaningful, or significant, if the odds that these differences occurred by chance alone are 5 percent or less. Stated another way, if we repeated this...
Blind Procedures02:07

Blind Procedures

Ideally, the people who observe and record the children’s behavior are unaware of who was assigned to the experimental or control group, in order to control for experimenter bias. Experimenter bias refers to the possibility that a researcher’s expectations might skew the results of the study. Remember, conducting an experiment requires a lot of planning, and the people involved in the research project have a vested interest in supporting their hypotheses. If the observers knew which child was...

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Visualization of Intensity Levels to Reduce the Gap Between Self-Reported and Directly Measured Physical Activity
05:59

Visualization of Intensity Levels to Reduce the Gap Between Self-Reported and Directly Measured Physical Activity

Published on: March 7, 2019

Testing the activitystat hypothesis: a randomised controlled trial protocol.

Sjaan Gomersall1, Carol Maher, Kevin Norton

  • 1Health and Use of Time (HUT) Group, Sansom Institute for Health Research, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia. sjaan.gomersall@mymail.unisa.edu.au

BMC Public Health
|October 10, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study investigates the activitystat hypothesis, examining if increased exercise leads to compensatory changes in daily energy expenditure. Results will clarify the existence of this biological feedback loop in adults.

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Area of Science:

  • Human physiology
  • Exercise science
  • Behavioral science

Background:

  • The activitystat hypothesis suggests compensatory changes in energy expenditure across different domains to maintain a stable total.
  • No prior experimental studies have specifically tested this hypothesis in adults.
  • This trial aims to investigate the impact of imposed exercise loads on daily energy expenditure and physical activity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To experimentally test the activitystat hypothesis in adults.
  • To determine the effect of two different exercise loads (moderate and extensive) on total daily energy expenditure and physical activity levels.

Main Methods:

  • A randomized, multi-arm, parallel controlled trial involving 146 insufficiently active adults aged 18-60.
  • Participants were assigned to a moderate (150 min/week) or extensive (300 min/week) exercise group for six weeks, or a control group.
  • Primary outcomes included activity energy expenditure (doubly labeled water) and physical activity (accelerometry), with secondary measures like resting metabolic rate and maximal oxygen consumption.

Main Results:

  • Primary outcome measures: activity energy expenditure (doubly labeled water) and physical activity (accelerometry).
  • Secondary outcome measures: resting metabolic rate, time use, maximal oxygen consumption, and anthropometric/physiological measures.
  • Data collected at baseline, 3, 6, 12, and 24 weeks.

Conclusions:

  • This study protocol is designed to rigorously test the activitystat hypothesis.
  • It addresses key conceptual and methodological aspects of studying biological homeostatic feedback loops.
  • Findings will contribute to the ongoing scientific discussion regarding the existence and function of an activitystat.