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Suppression of 6-TG-resistant mutations in V79 cells and recessive spot formations in mice by vanillin
H Imanishi1, Y F Sasaki, K Matsumoto
1Institute of Environmental Toxicology, Tokyo, Japan.
Abstract:
The antimutagenic effects of vanillin, anisaldehyde, cinnamaldehyde and coumarin were investigated in cultured Chinese hamster V79 cells in vitro. The frequencies of 6-TG-resistant mutations induced by UV or X-rays were decreased by treatment with each compound during the expression time. These decreases were not due to cytotoxic effects on cellular growth or killing effects on damaged cells. The antimutagenic effect of vanillin was also investigated in vivo in the mouse spot test using male PW and female C57BL/10 mice. Female mice were injected intraperitoneally with ethylnitrosourea (ENU) on the 10th day of pregnancy and received 3 successive oral administrations of vanillin. Administration of vanillin decreased the ENU-induced frequency of recessive carrier pups. These results indicate that vanillin acts as an antimutagen in mammalian cells both in vitro and in vivo.
Insights
Vanillin and other compounds show antimutagenic properties by reducing mutation frequencies in cells and in vivo. Vanillin specifically demonstrated effectiveness in protecting against ethylnitrosourea-induced mutations in mice.
Area of Science:
- Biochemistry
- Genetics
- Toxicology
Background:
- Mutations can arise from various environmental factors.
- Identifying natural compounds with antimutagenic properties is crucial for health.
- Previous research has explored various aldehydes and coumarins for biological activity.
Purpose of the Study:
- To evaluate the antimutagenic potential of vanillin, anisaldehyde, cinnamaldehyde, and coumarin.
- To determine if these compounds reduce mutation frequencies induced by UV or X-rays in vitro.
- To assess the in vivo antimutagenic efficacy of vanillin using a mouse model.
Main Methods:
- Cultured Chinese hamster V79 cells were exposed to UV or X-rays and treated with test compounds.
- Mutation frequencies (6-TG-resistant mutations) were measured.
- The mouse spot test was employed, involving pregnant mice treated with ethylnitrosourea and vanillin.
Main Results:
- Vanillin, anisaldehyde, cinnamaldehyde, and coumarin significantly decreased mutation frequencies in V79 cells.
- These effects were not attributed to cytotoxicity or cell-killing.
- In vivo, vanillin administration reduced ethylnitrosourea-induced mutations in mouse offspring.
Conclusions:
- Vanillin, anisaldehyde, cinnamaldehyde, and coumarin exhibit significant antimutagenic activity in vitro.
- Vanillin acts as an effective antimutagen in mammalian systems, both in vitro and in vivo.
- These findings highlight the potential of vanillin as a protective agent against mutagenic damage.