Bovine brucellosis in Argentina and bordering countries: update

Area of Science:

• Veterinary Medicine
• Epidemiology
• Zoonotic Diseases

Background:

• Bovine brucellosis is a significant zoonotic disease caused by Brucella abortus, prevalent globally and endemic in Argentina.
• Human brucellosis is often underestimated and underreported in Argentina, despite its zoonotic nature.

Purpose of the Study:

• To assess the prevalence of bovine brucellosis in Argentina.
• To evaluate the effectiveness of the National Control and Eradication Program implemented in 1999.
• To identify challenges and areas for improvement in disease control strategies.

Main Methods:

• A national brucellosis survey conducted in 2004.
• Epidemiological surveillance using milk ring tests and indirect ELISA.
• Serological diagnostic tests including buffered plate antigen test, serum agglutination test, 2-mercaptoethanol and fluorescence polarization assay, competitive ELISA, and complement fixation test.

Main Results:

• The 2004 survey indicated that 12.4% of Argentine beef farms were seropositive for Brucella.
• Apparent prevalence of bovine brucellosis in cattle was 2.10%.
• Prevalence rates in bordering countries varied significantly, highlighting regional differences.

Conclusions:

• Despite established control measures, bovine brucellosis persists in Argentina, suggesting a need for re-evaluation of current strategies.
• Further research is required to refine and prioritize control and eradication efforts for bovine brucellosis in Argentina.