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Obstructive sleep apnea and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: a common and potential harmful combination

Flávia B Nerbass1, Rodrigo P Pedrosa, Naury J Danzi-Soares

  • 1Sleep Laboratory, Pulmonary Division, Heart Institute (InCor), University of São Paulo School of Medicine, Brazil.

Sleep Medicine Reviews
|October 11, 2012
PubMed

Insights

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is highly prevalent in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) patients, significantly worsening heart function and increasing atrial fibrillation risk. Early OSA detection may improve cardiovascular outcomes in HCM.

Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Sleep Medicine
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is a common genetic heart disease leading to significant disability and mortality.
  • Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is prevalent in cardiovascular disease and may worsen outcomes.
  • Patients with HCM often lack typical OSA risk factors like obesity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the prevalence and impact of OSA in patients diagnosed with HCM.
  • To explore the association between OSA and cardiac structural/functional changes in HCM.
  • To determine if OSA influences the risk of atrial fibrillation in HCM patients.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic review and meta-analysis of studies reporting OSA prevalence in HCM patients.
  • Analysis of cardiac parameters, functional class, and quality of life in HCM patients with and without OSA.
  • Assessment of atrial fibrillation prevalence in HCM patients with and without OSA.

Main Results:

  • OSA prevalence in HCM patients ranges from 32% to 71%.
  • OSA is independently linked to worse cardiac structure (atrial/aorta enlargement), functional class, and quality of life.
  • Atrial fibrillation prevalence is approximately four times higher in HCM patients with OSA.

Conclusions:

  • OSA is a common comorbidity in HCM patients, independent of typical risk factors.
  • The presence of OSA exacerbates cardiac impairment and increases atrial fibrillation risk in HCM.
  • Screening for OSA in HCM patients is crucial for potentially improving management and outcomes.

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