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Related Concept Videos

Bones of the Upper Limb: Humerus01:19

Bones of the Upper Limb: Humerus

The upper limb consists of the arm, forearm, wrist, and hand bones. The humerus is the single bone of the upper arm region. Proximally, it has a large, spherical, smooth head that articulates with the glenoid cavity of the scapula to form the glenohumeral or shoulder joint. The margin of the head is the anatomical neck, a residual epiphyseal plate. Laterally it extends to form bony projections called the greater tubercle and the lesser tubercle. Next to the tubercles is the surgical neck, a...
Changes in the Appendicular Skeleton with Age01:09

Changes in the Appendicular Skeleton with Age

The upper and lower limb initially develops as a small bulge called a limb bud, which appears on the lateral side of the early embryo. The upper limb bud appears near the end of the fourth week of development, with the lower limb bud appearing shortly after.
Initially, the limb buds consist of a core of mesenchyme covered by a layer of ectoderm. The ectoderm at the end of the limb bud thickens to form a narrow crest called the apical ectodermal ridge. This ridge stimulates the underlying...
Fractures: Bone Repair01:27

Fractures: Bone Repair

Treatment for a fracture is based on the type of break, the bone affected, and the patient's age.
Minor fractures with no bone displacement are treated by immobilizing the fractured bone using a cast or splint. However, in the case of fractures with displaced bones, the broken bones are repositioned before immobilization to ensure successful healing without deformation and loss of function. The realignment of fractured bone ends is performed through a process called reduction. If the procedure...
Bones of the Upper Limb: Ulna01:15

Bones of the Upper Limb: Ulna

The ulna and radius are parallel bones of the antebrachium or the forearm. The ulna lies medially and consists of a bony tip called the olecranon process at its proximal end. This hook-like projection articulates with the olecranon fossa of the humerus and forms the "hinged" ulnohumeral part of the elbow joint. This joint facilitates forearm extension and flexion while preventing its hyperextension. Similarly, the coronoid process, another bony projection on the proximal/anterior side of the...
Arteries of the Upper Limbs01:12

Arteries of the Upper Limbs

The subclavian artery transitions into the axillary artery as it exits the chest and enters the axillary region. This artery is critical for supplying blood to the shoulder area, including the head of the humerus, through the humeral circumflex arteries. As the vessel continues into the upper arm or brachium, it becomes the brachial artery. This artery plays a key role in vascularizing the brachial region and bifurcates at the elbow into several branches. These branches include the deep...
Disorders of the Skeletal Muscle01:28

Disorders of the Skeletal Muscle

The clinical conditions affecting the skeletal muscle tissue are broadly categorized as musculoskeletal and neuromuscular disorders.
Musculoskeletal disorders
Musculoskeletal disorders involve injuries and conditions affecting the skeletal muscles and associated connective tissues. These disorders can arise from acute biomechanical stresses or chronic overuse and can occur across different age groups. Common injuries include sprains, fractures, and muscular strains, often resulting from...

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An Inertial Measurement Unit Based Method to Estimate Hip and Knee Joint Kinematics in Team Sport Athletes on the Field
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Published on: May 26, 2020

Upper extremity injuries in young athletes.

Kirkland W Davis1, Kara G Gill

  • 1Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin 53792, USA. kdavis@uwhealth.org

Seminars in Musculoskeletal Radiology
|October 11, 2012
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Summary

Pediatric athlete injuries are rising, with many requiring radiologist evaluation. Understanding injury types and appearances based on skeletal maturity is crucial for accurate diagnosis.

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Last Updated: May 17, 2026

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Published on: January 12, 2011

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric sports medicine
  • Radiology
  • Orthopedic injuries

Background:

  • Pediatric athlete injuries are increasingly common.
  • While many injuries are diagnosed clinically, increased prevalence necessitates radiologist involvement.
  • Injuries can be trauma-related or specific to athletic activities, including chronic overuse injuries.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the increasing prevalence of injuries in pediatric athletes.
  • To emphasize the radiologist's role in evaluating these injuries.
  • To discuss the characteristic appearances of sports-related injuries in young athletes, considering skeletal maturity.

Main Methods:

  • Review of common pediatric athletic injuries.
  • Analysis of injury patterns related to athletic activities versus general trauma.
  • Correlation of injury types with different stages of skeletal maturity.

Main Results:

  • A significant rise in pediatric athletic injuries is observed.
  • Overuse injuries present characteristic imaging findings.
  • Injury patterns vary with the patient's skeletal maturity.

Conclusions:

  • Radiologists must be aware of the spectrum of pediatric athletic injuries.
  • Skeletal maturity is a key factor in interpreting injury appearances.
  • Accurate radiologic assessment aids in managing these young athletes.