Anatomy of the root apex and its histologic changes with age

There were 87 vital and 24 nonvital teeth for a total of 111 specimens from 47 patients. The specimens were prepared to a thickness of 500 microns with a Buehler Isomet Bone Saw. Distances were measured and recorded with a Bioquant II Image Analysis System. The mean age of the patients was 48.9 years. The median age was 52 years. The range was 51 years, with a maximum of 77 years and a minimum of 26 years. There is a positive correlation, which could not have occurred by chance, that as age increases the deviation and the width of the foramen opening both increase. This increase appears to be a result of apical cemental thickening that occurs as the patient ages. The tissue in the apical area seems to be capable of generating additional cementum as the tooth ages. The cementodentinal junction width, or most apical extent of the dentin, remains constant.