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Children with self-injurious behavior.

S L Hyman1, W Fisher, M Mercugliano

  • 1Kennedy Institute for Handicapped Children, Baltimore, Maryland.

Pediatrics
|March 1, 1990
PubMed
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Self-injurious behavior is common in individuals with mental retardation. This study reviewed 97 patients, finding associated disabilities like developmental disorders and visual impairment, with head banging and biting as frequent behaviors.

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Developmental Psychology
  • Pediatrics

Background:

  • Self-injurious behavior (SIB) is a significant challenge in individuals with intellectual disabilities.
  • Understanding the characteristics and associated conditions of SIB is crucial for effective intervention.
  • Previous research often focused on institutionalized populations, necessitating data from community-based settings.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the medical and developmental characteristics of children, adolescents, and young adults treated for SIB.
  • To identify common co-occurring disabilities and types of SIB in a school-aged, community-based population.
  • To inform pediatricians about monitoring patients with SIB as community placements increase.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective chart review of 97 patients (11 months to 21 years, 11 months) treated for SIB.

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  • Inclusion criteria: assessment and treatment in a specialized, interdisciplinary inpatient unit between 1980 and 1988.
  • Data collected included medical diagnoses, developmental characteristics, SIB topographies, and documented injuries.

    • Main Results:

    • 82.5% of patients had severe or profound mental retardation.
    • Associated disabilities included pervasive developmental disorders, visual impairment, and infantile spasms.
    • Most patients (81.4%) exhibited multiple SIB types, with head banging and biting being most common.
    • Physical injuries occurred in 77% of cases, including excoriations, scars, hematomas, and infections.

    Conclusions:

    • The study population was school-aged and community-based, differing from prior research.
    • Causative diagnoses for SIB were similar to those for severe mental retardation alone.
    • Pediatricians require awareness of SIB and associated conditions to effectively manage affected individuals in community settings.