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Related Concept Videos

Hormones and Bone Tissue01:17

Hormones and Bone Tissue

The endocrine system produces and secretes hormones, which interact with the skeletal system. These hormones control bone growth, maintain bone once it is formed, and remodel it.
Hormones That Influence Osteoblasts and/or Maintain the Matrix
Several hormones are necessary for controlling bone growth and maintaining the bone matrix. The pituitary gland secretes growth hormone (GH), which, as its name implies, controls bone growth. This happens in several ways: first, it triggers chondrocyte...
Osteoclasts in Bone Remodeling01:31

Osteoclasts in Bone Remodeling

Osteoclasts are cells responsible for bone resorption and remodeling. They originate from hematopoietic progenitor cells present in the bone marrow. Numerous progenitor cells fuse to form multinucleated cells, each with 10-20 nuclei. A single osteoclast has a diameter of 150 to 200 µM. These cells have ruffled borders that break down the underlying bone tissue and release minerals such as calcium into the blood in bone resorption. Osteoclasts cling to bones with their ruffled edges during bone...
Endocrine Signaling01:45

Endocrine Signaling

Endocrine cells produce hormones to communicate with remote target cells found in other organs. The hormone reaches these distant areas using the circulatory system. This exposes the whole organism to the hormone but only those cells expressing hormone receptors or target cells are affected. Thus, endocrine signaling induces slow responses from its target cells but these effects also last longer.
Bone Remodeling01:40

Bone Remodeling

Bone remodeling is a continuous and balanced process of bone resorption by osteoclasts and bone formation by osteoblasts. In adults, it helps maintain bone mass and calcium homeostasis. While mechanical stress can stimulate turnover as part of the normal maintenance and reparative process, several hormones also regulate bone remodeling.
Paracrine Signaling01:21

Paracrine Signaling

Paracrine signaling allows cells to communicate with their immediate neighbors via secretion of signaling molecules. Such a signal can only trigger a response in nearby target cells because the signal molecules degrade quickly or are inactivated if not taken up. Prominent examples of paracrine signaling include nitric oxide signaling in blood vessels, synaptic signaling of neurons, the blood clotting system, tissue repair/wound healing, and local allergic skin reactions. Nitric oxide as a...
Blood and Nerve Supply to the Bones01:29

Blood and Nerve Supply to the Bones

Bones are dynamic organs that require a rich supply of oxygen and nutrients. Around 5% to 10% of the cardiac output supplies blood to the bones. A typical long bone has three main sources: the nutrient artery, the metaphyseal and epiphyseal arteries, and the periosteal arteries.
Nutrient Artery
The nutrient artery is the main blood vessel that enters the diaphysis via the nutrient foramen. While most long bones have only one nutrient foramen, large bones, such as the femur, may have two. This...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 17, 2026

Peptides from Phage Display Library Modulate Gene Expression in Mesenchymal Cells and Potentiate Osteogenesis in Unicortical Bone Defects
07:53

Peptides from Phage Display Library Modulate Gene Expression in Mesenchymal Cells and Potentiate Osteogenesis in Unicortical Bone Defects

Published on: December 10, 2010

Purinergic signalling in bone.

Robin M H Rumney1, Ning Wang, Ankita Agrawal

  • 1Department of Human Metabolism, The Mellanby Centre for Bone Research, The University of Sheffield Sheffield, UK.

Frontiers in Endocrinology
|October 11, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Extracellular ATP influences bone cell activity through purinergic signaling. Recent research highlights the roles of P2Y and P2X receptors in bone cell proliferation, differentiation, function, and death.

Keywords:
ATPP2XP2Yboneosteoblastosteoclastosteoporosispurinergic signaling

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 17, 2026

Peptides from Phage Display Library Modulate Gene Expression in Mesenchymal Cells and Potentiate Osteogenesis in Unicortical Bone Defects
07:53

Peptides from Phage Display Library Modulate Gene Expression in Mesenchymal Cells and Potentiate Osteogenesis in Unicortical Bone Defects

Published on: December 10, 2010

Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Cell Biology
  • Skeletal Biology

Background:

  • Purinergic signaling, involving extracellular ATP, was proposed in the early 1990s to influence bone cell function.
  • Osteoblasts and osteoclasts express numerous P2Y and P2X receptors, which are critical for bone homeostasis.
  • These receptors mediate key cellular processes including proliferation, differentiation, function, and apoptosis in bone cells.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent advancements in purinergic signaling within the bone microenvironment.
  • To emphasize novel findings from the ATPBone collaboration and other funded projects.
  • To consolidate current understanding of purinergic receptor roles in skeletal biology.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review focusing on purinergic signaling in bone.
  • Analysis of recent experimental data from funded research projects (ATPBone, Arthritis Research UK, Bone Research Society).
  • Synthesis of findings on P2Y and P2X receptor expression and function in osteoblasts and osteoclasts.

Main Results:

  • Extensive expression of P2Y and P2X receptors has been documented in osteoblasts and osteoclasts.
  • Purinergic signaling pathways regulate critical bone cell functions, including proliferation, differentiation, and survival.
  • Recent studies have elucidated specific roles of these receptors in bone remodeling and disease.

Conclusions:

  • Purinergic signaling is a fundamental mechanism regulating bone cell biology.
  • Targeting purinergic receptors presents potential therapeutic strategies for bone disorders.
  • Continued research, particularly from collaborative projects, is advancing the understanding of purinergic signaling in bone health and disease.