[Recurrent miscarriage--causes, diagnostics and treatment]

Recurrent miscarriage (RM) is defined as three or more consecutive early pregnancy losses and affects 1% of couples. RM is probably a multifactorial disease and evaluation includes parental karyotyping, testing for uterine anomalies, thyroid dysfunction, thrombophilia and immune factors. Couples facing RM should be offered tender loving care; i.e. repeated measurements of hCG and ultrasound scans. Further treatments are directed against the underlying cause: surgery, hormone supplementation, anticoagulation and immunomodulation. However, the effect of these treatments needs further documentation.