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Glaucoma: Overview

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Glaucoma is an eye condition characterized by increased intraocular pressure that damages the retina and optic nerve, leading to irreversible blindness if left untreated. The human eye has various components, including the cornea, iris, pupil, lens, and optic nerve. Aqueous humor is secreted by the epithelium of the ciliary body in the posterior chamber and flows through the trabecular meshwork and canal of Schlemm, maintaining normal intraocular pressure. The trabecular meshwork and the canal...

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In open-angle glaucoma, the iridocorneal angle remains open, but the trabecular meshwork becomes stiff, slowing down the outflow of aqueous humor. This causes a buildup of aqueous humor in the anterior chamber, leading to a sudden increase in intraocular pressure. The treatment for open-angle glaucoma focuses on reducing the elevated intraocular pressure by either decreasing the secretion of aqueous humor or increasing its outflow.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 17, 2026

Assessing Early Stage Open-Angle Glaucoma in Patients by Isolated-Check Visual Evoked Potential

Assessing Early Stage Open-Angle Glaucoma in Patients by Isolated-Check Visual Evoked Potential

Published on: May 25, 2020

Multichannel functional testing in normal subjects, glaucoma suspects, and glaucoma patients.

Alfonso Antón¹, Pascual Capilla, Antonio Morilla-Grasa

¹Institut Catalá de Retina, Barcelona, Spain. anton@icrcat.com

Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science

|October 13, 2012

Summary

The ATD Multichannel Functional Test effectively detects glaucoma. Low-temporal-frequency chromatic stimuli, particularly blue-yellow and red-green, showed the highest sensitivity in identifying glaucomatous damage.

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Dynamic Visual Tests to Identify and Quantify Visual Damage and Repair Following Demyelination in Optic Neuritis Patients

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Published on: April 14, 2014

Area of Science:

Ophthalmology
Visual Neuroscience
Medical Technology

Background:

Glaucoma diagnosis relies on visual field testing.
Novel functional tests are needed to improve early detection and monitoring of visual dysfunction.

Purpose of the Study:

To evaluate the efficacy of the novel ATD Multichannel Functional Test in assessing visual function.
To compare the diagnostic capabilities of different stimuli configurations within the ATD test.

Main Methods:

A multicenter study included 186 eyes (glaucoma, suspects, ocular hypertensives, normal).
Standard visual fields (Humphrey 24-2) and ATD with achromatic, red-green, and blue-yellow stimuli were performed.
Mean sensitivity, mean defect (MD), and pattern standard deviation (PSD) were calculated and compared.

Main Results:

Glaucoma eyes showed significantly different MD and PSD compared to normal eyes across most stimuli.
Low-spatial-frequency chromatic stimuli (D-0.5cpd/2Hz, T-0.5cpd/2Hz) using PSD identified the highest percentage of eyes outside normal limits.
These chromatic tests detected glaucomatous damage in 81.6%-86.7% of glaucoma eyes.

Conclusions:

The ATD Multichannel Functional Test assesses diverse visual functions.
Low-temporal-frequency chromatic tests are the most sensitive for detecting glaucomatous damage.