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Related Concept Videos

Neurogenesis and Regeneration of Nervous Tissue01:15

Neurogenesis and Regeneration of Nervous Tissue

In the CNS, neurogenesis, the birth of new neurons from stem cells, is limited to the hippocampus in adults. In other regions of the brain and spinal cord, neurogenesis is almost non-existent due to inhibitory influences from neuroglia, especially oligodendrocytes, and the absence of growth-stimulating cues. The myelin produced by oligodendrocytes in the CNS inhibits neuronal regeneration. Furthermore, astrocytes proliferate rapidly after neuronal damage, forming scar tissue that physically...

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Newborn cortical neurons: only for neonates?

David M Feliciano1, Angélique Bordey

  • 1Department of Neurosurgery, and Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.

Trends in Neurosciences
|October 16, 2012
PubMed
Summary

Adult cortical neurogenesis remains debated due to low rates and specific neuron types. Evidence suggests neural stem cells persist into adulthood and may reactivate after injury.

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Developmental Biology
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • The existence of adult neurogenesis in the cerebral cortex has been debated for a century.
  • A definitive consensus on adult cortical neurogenesis is lacking.
  • Previous research has presented conflicting evidence regarding neuronal generation in the adult brain.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review and synthesize evidence concerning the existence, origin, migration, and integration of neurons in the adult and neonatal cerebral cortex.
  • To identify the reasons behind the lack of consensus on adult cortical neurogenesis.
  • To highlight the potential for neural stem cell activity in the adult brain.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review and synthesis of existing research on cortical neurogenesis.

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  • Analysis of studies investigating neuronal development in neonatal and adult cortices.
  • Examination of factors influencing neurogenesis, including physiological and environmental conditions.

    • Main Results:

    • Neurogenesis is confirmed in the neonatal cerebral cortex.
    • Neural stem cells are present in the adult brain.
    • Low rates of postnatal cortical neurogenesis and potential limitations to specific interneuron subtypes contribute to the ongoing debate.
    • Variability in physiological and environmental conditions may affect neurogenesis.

    Conclusions:

    • Cortical neurogenesis occurs in neonates, and neural stem cells persist into adulthood.
    • These adult neural stem cells may be dormant but possess the potential for reactivation, particularly following injury.
    • Further research is needed to fully understand the extent and regulation of adult cortical neurogenesis.