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A potential role for GPR55 in gastrointestinal functions
1Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Graz, Austria.
Current Opinion in Pharmacology
|October 16, 2012
Summary
The G protein-coupled receptor 55 (GPR55) is a novel cannabinoid receptor involved in the nervous system, vasculature, kidney, bone, cancer, and inflammatory pain. This review discusses its role in gastrointestinal functions.
Area of Science:
- Pharmacology
- Gastroenterology
- Neuroscience
Background:
- G protein-coupled receptor 55 (GPR55) was initially considered a cannabinoid receptor due to activation by cannabinoids.
- GPR55 shares low homology with CB(1) and CB(2) receptors, suggesting it may represent a novel class.
- Endocannabinoids like anandamide activate GPR55, which is highly expressed in the brain and gastrointestinal tract.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the potential role of GPR55 in gastrointestinal (GI) functions.
- To discuss GPR55's involvement in GI physiology and pathophysiology.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of studies on GPR55.
- Analysis of GPR55 expression and function in the GI tract.
Main Results:
- GPR55 influences various physiological systems including the nervous system, vasculature, kidney, and bone.
- Emerging research links GPR55 to cancer development and inflammatory pain.
- GPR55's presence in the GI tract highlights its potential significance in gut health.
Conclusions:
- GPR55's unique pharmacology and phylogenetic distance suggest it is a novel cannabinoid receptor.
- Further research is needed to fully elucidate GPR55's specific roles in GI function and disease.
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