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Biofeedback training effects on minimum toe clearance variability during treadmill walking.

Oren Tirosh1, Amity Cambell, Rezaul K Begg

  • 1School of Sport and Exercise Science, Institute of Sport, Exercise & Active Living (ISEAL), Victoria University, PO Box 14428, Melbourne, VIC, 8001, Australia. oren.tirosh@vu.edu.au

Annals of Biomedical Engineering
|October 16, 2012
PubMed
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Biofeedback effectively modifies minimum toe clearance (MTC) during walking, leading to increased gait variability. This suggests potential for gait training in populations at risk of falls.

Area of Science:

  • Biomechanics
  • Gait Analysis
  • Motor Control

Background:

  • Minimum toe clearance (MTC) is a critical parameter for preventing trips during walking.
  • Understanding MTC variability is essential for assessing gait stability and adaptability.
  • Previous research has explored gait variability but lacked specific focus on MTC modification via biofeedback.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the effects of MTC biofeedback on gait variability during walking.
  • To determine if MTC adaptations persist after the removal of biofeedback (retention).
  • To evaluate the utility of short- and long-term variability analyses in quantifying gait changes.

Main Methods:

  • Ten young adults participated in a walking study on a treadmill.
  • Three conditions were tested: baseline, MTC biofeedback within a target range, and no-biofeedback retention.

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  • Variability analysis techniques, including Poincaré plots and detrended fluctuation analysis (DFA), were employed.

    • Main Results:

    • MTC mean, median, standard deviation, and interquartile range were significantly increased during biofeedback and retention compared to baseline.
    • Skewness of MTC was reduced during biofeedback and retention.
    • Poincaré measures (SD1, SD2) and DFA (α1, α2) indicated increased gait variability with biofeedback and retention, with long-term measures (SD2, α2) showing significant increases in retention.

    Conclusions:

    • Biofeedback is an effective method for modifying MTC and increasing gait variability.
    • The acquired gait pattern with altered variability structure persisted in the retention phase, indicating learning.
    • Both short- and long-term variability analyses are valuable for quantifying gait adaptations, supporting potential applications in clinical gait training to reduce fall risk.