Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

First Impression01:09

First Impression

First impressions play a crucial role in social perception, shaping how individuals assess others in professional, academic, and interpersonal contexts. Psychological research highlights the significance of cognitive biases, such as the primacy and recency effects, which influence how people interpret and recall information.The Primacy Effect and Cognitive AnchoringThe primacy effect describes the tendency for initial information to impact judgment disproportionately. When individuals encounter...
Real-World Application of Classical Conditioning01:15

Real-World Application of Classical Conditioning

Classical conditioning not only includes the initial pairing of stimuli but also extends to more complex forms, such as higher-order conditioning. Higher-order conditioning involves creating associations beyond the primary conditioned stimulus, resulting in a chain of conditioned responses.
Higher-order, or second-order, conditioning occurs when a neutral stimulus becomes associated with an already established conditioned stimulus through repeated pairings. For instance, if a dog has been...
Motivational Bias01:25

Motivational Bias

Cognitive bias results from limitations in thinking and information processing, leading to systematic errors in judgment. Conversely, motivational bias stems from personal desires or emotions, causing distortions in perception to align with self-interest. Motivational bias influences how individuals perceive and attribute causes to events, often shaped by personal needs, goals, and self-esteem preservation. This bias can distort judgment, leading to inaccurate assessments of success, failure,...
Higher Mental Functions of Brain: Learning and Memory01:26

Higher Mental Functions of Brain: Learning and Memory

Memory is one of the most vital higher mental functions of the brain. Memory is closely related to learning because it enables us to retain information and experiences from our past to use them in our present life. It also helps us to remember facts, events, and skills, such as riding a bike or swimming. There are two types of memory — declarative memory, which involves memorizing facts or events, and procedural memory, which enables us to remember how to do something like writing or playing an...
Associative Learning01:27

Associative Learning

Associative learning is a fundamental concept in behavioral psychology, wherein a connection is established between two stimuli or events, leading to a learned response. This process is critical in understanding how behaviors are acquired and modified. Conditioning, the mechanism through which associations are formed, can be divided into two main types: classical conditioning and operant conditioning, each elucidating different aspects of associative learning.
Classical conditioning, also known...
Factors Affecting Perception01:25

Factors Affecting Perception

Perception is influenced by perceptual set, context, motivation, and emotion. Perceptual set, or perceptual expectancy, refers to the tendency to perceive things in a particular way, influenced by previous experiences and expectations. This phenomenon affects the interpretation of stimuli, creating a set of mental tendencies and assumptions that impact sensory perceptions of sound, taste, touch, and sight.
An illustrative example of a perceptual set is the scenario where an airline pilot told...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Structural features of the hippocampus covary with memory-guided attention depending on the side of hippocampal sclerosis.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·2026
Same author

MEG Evidence of Concurrent Bilateral and Hemisphere-Specific Developmental Patterns in Auditory Cortex.

Developmental science·2026
Same author

From binge drinking to future alcohol severity: The role of emotion regulation and emerging psychopathology.

Alcohol (Fayetteville, N.Y.)·2026
Same author

Influence of binge drinking on the resting state functional connectivity of university Students: A follow-up study.

Addictive behaviors reports·2025
Same author

Neurostructural features predict binge drinking in emerging adulthood: Evidence from a 5-year follow-up study.

Drug and alcohol dependence·2024
Same author

Dissociable effects of mild COVID-19 on short- and long-term memories.

Brain communications·2024

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 17, 2026

Pavlovian Conditioned Approach Training in Rats
06:57

Pavlovian Conditioned Approach Training in Rats

Published on: February 4, 2016

Reward associations magnify memory-based biases on perception.

Sonia Doallo1, Eva Zita Patai, Anna Christina Nobre

  • 1University of Santiago de Compostela, Spain.

Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience
|October 17, 2012
PubMed
Summary

Past rewards enhance spatial memory effects on object perception, influencing how we see complex environments. This reward-associated memory guides attention and impacts early visual processing stages.

More Related Videos

A Prediction Error-driven Retrieval Procedure for Destabilizing and Rewriting Maladaptive Reward Memories in Hazardous Drinkers
08:05

A Prediction Error-driven Retrieval Procedure for Destabilizing and Rewriting Maladaptive Reward Memories in Hazardous Drinkers

Published on: January 5, 2018

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 17, 2026

Pavlovian Conditioned Approach Training in Rats
06:57

Pavlovian Conditioned Approach Training in Rats

Published on: February 4, 2016

A Prediction Error-driven Retrieval Procedure for Destabilizing and Rewriting Maladaptive Reward Memories in Hazardous Drinkers
08:05

A Prediction Error-driven Retrieval Procedure for Destabilizing and Rewriting Maladaptive Reward Memories in Hazardous Drinkers

Published on: January 5, 2018

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Visual Perception

Background:

  • Long-term spatial memories predict object locations, optimizing perception and action.
  • The influence of past reward outcomes on perception remains an open question.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate if reward outcomes from past events modulate memory-based perceptual biases.
  • To determine the neural processing levels affected by reward-associated memory-guided attention.

Main Methods:

  • Combined behavioral measures with high-temporal-resolution brain activity recordings.
  • Tested the impact of prior reward association on spatial memory's influence on perception.

Main Results:

  • Past rewards significantly potentiate spatial memory effects on target object discrimination within complex scenes.
  • These effects are evident from early stages of visual perceptual processing.

Conclusions:

  • A single reward outcome can alter perception in complex environments.
  • Reward-associated memories bias perception by influencing attention at early visual processing stages.