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Evolution of lanthipeptide synthetases.

Qi Zhang1, Yi Yu, Juan E Vélasquez

  • 1Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.

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Lanthipeptide synthetases show diverse evolution, with precursor peptide sequences influencing final peptide structure. This finding opens new avenues for bioengineering and discovering novel lanthipeptides through genome mining.

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Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Molecular Biology
  • Genomics

Background:

  • Lanthipeptides are ribosomally synthesized peptides with unique (methyl)lanthionine residues.
  • Four classes of lanthipeptide synthetases (LanB, LanC, LanM, LanKC, LanL) are known.
  • These enzymes catalyze post-translational modifications essential for lanthipeptide structure.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To conduct a phylogenomic analysis of lanthipeptide synthetase classes.
  • To investigate the evolutionary relationships and independence of different synthetase classes.
  • To explore the determinants of lanthipeptide ring topology, including enzyme and precursor peptide roles.

Main Methods:

  • Phylogenomic analysis of lanthipeptide synthetase gene families.
  • Comparative analysis of cyclase domains across different synthetase classes.
  • Experimental studies using chimeric peptides to assess enzyme-precursor interactions.

Main Results:

  • Class II-IV synthetases evolved independently, and LanB/LanC enzymes do not always coevolve.
  • LanM enzymes with specific zinc-binding motifs cluster together phylogenetically.
  • Phylogenomic data and chimeric peptide studies suggest precursor peptide sequence influences lanthipeptide ring topology.

Conclusions:

  • Lanthipeptide synthetase evolution is complex, with independent diversification among classes.
  • Precursor peptide sequence plays a significant role in determining final lanthipeptide structure, alongside biosynthetic enzymes.
  • Findings support the potential of lanthipeptide synthetases for bioengineering, combinatorial biosynthesis, and genome mining for novel compounds.