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Related Concept Videos

Cholesterol: Significance and Regulation01:29

Cholesterol: Significance and Regulation

Although not a source of energy, cholesterol plays a significant role as a foundational structure for bile salts, steroid hormones, and vitamin D, as well as being a crucial component of plasma membranes. Approximately 15% of blood cholesterol is derived from our diet, with the remainder synthesized from acetyl CoA by the liver and intestines. Cholesterol is eliminated from the body through its conversion into bile salts, which are eventually discarded in the feces.
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Fats and lipids are crucial components in the human body. Some lipid-derived compounds, such as fat-soluble vitamins, eicosanoids, lipoproteins, and glycolipids, also play unique roles to support various  biological processes .
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High-Density Lipoprotein-Specific Phospholipid Efflux Assay
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High density lipoprotein biogenesis, cholesterol efflux, and immune cell function.

Mary G Sorci-Thomas1, Michael J Thomas

  • 1Section on Lipid Sciences, Department of Pathology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center Blvd, Winston-Salem, NC 27157-1016, USA. msthomas@wakehealth.edu

Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology
|October 19, 2012
PubMed
Summary

High-density lipoprotein (HDL) and apolipoprotein A-I play a crucial role in cholesterol transport and immune function. Research highlights their impact on T cell activation and inflammatory pathways, potentially influencing cardiovascular disease and autoimmunity.

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Published on: October 12, 2017

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Cardiovascular Biology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • High-density lipoprotein (HDL) concentrations inversely correlate with coronary vascular disease risk.
  • Reverse cholesterol transport by HDL maintains whole-body cholesterol homeostasis.
  • HDL and apolipoprotein A-I possess anti-inflammatory properties beyond cholesterol transport.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent research on HDL/apolipoprotein A-I cholesterol efflux and immune cell function.
  • To explore the role of HDL in modulating T cell activation.
  • To understand HDL's contribution to inflammatory pathways in atherosclerosis and autoimmunity.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current scientific literature on HDL function.
  • Analysis of studies investigating HDL interaction with immune cells.
  • Examination of molecular mechanisms of HDL in cholesterol efflux and cell signaling.

Main Results:

  • HDL/apolipoprotein A-I regulates T cell activation through modulation of membrane cholesterol.
  • Cholesterol efflux from immune cells via ATP binding cassette transporter A1 is a key mechanism.
  • HDL fine-tunes plasma membrane lipid raft composition, impacting cell signaling.

Conclusions:

  • HDL/apolipoprotein A-I is integral to both cholesterol homeostasis and immune regulation.
  • Understanding HDL's role in immune cell function offers insights into atherosclerosis and autoimmune diseases.
  • Targeting HDL pathways may present novel therapeutic strategies for inflammatory conditions.