Sniffing-related motor cortical potential: topography and possible generators

This study estimated the whole-scalp topography and possible generators of the cortical potential associated with volitional self-paced inspirations (sniffs). In 17 healthy subjects we recorded a 32-channel electroencephalogram (EEG) during sniffing, for comparison during finger flexions. We averaged the EEG with respect to movement onset, and performed current source density and principal component analysis on the grand averaged data. We identified an early negative sniffing-related cortical potential starting ∼1.5s before movement at the vertex, which, in its time-course and dipole orientation, closely resembled Bereitshaftspotential preceding finger flexions. Around the movement onset, its topography became unique with three negative current sources: one at the vertex, and two bilaterally over the fronto-temporal derivations. We conclude that sequential cortical activation in preparation for sniffing is similar to other volitional movements. The current sources at sniff onset at the vertex likely reflect somatotopic motor representation of the diaphragm, neck and intercostal muscles, whereas current sources over fronto-temporal derivations likely reflect the somatotopic representation of the orofacial muscles.