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Related Concept Videos

Articulations of the Vertebral Column01:28

Articulations of the Vertebral Column

In addition to being held together by the intervertebral discs, adjacent vertebrae also articulate with each other at synovial joints formed between the superior and inferior articular processes called zygapophysial joints (facet joints). These are plane joints that provide for only limited motions between the vertebrae. The orientation of the articular processes at these joints varies in different regions of the vertebral column and serves to determine the types of motions available in each...
Muscles that Move the Head01:19

Muscles that Move the Head

The muscles that move the head are a dynamic and complex group of structures that work together to facilitate a wide range of head movements, including rotation, flexion, extension, and lateral bending.
The bilateral sternocleidomastoid, or SCM, and the suprahyoid and infrahyoid muscles are significant head flexors. The SCM muscles originate at the sternum and clavicle and attach to the mastoid process of the temporal bone. The SCM contracts bilaterally to bend the head forward, whereas...
Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation II: ACLS Airway Management01:22

Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation II: ACLS Airway Management

Airway management is a key skill in emergency and critical care settings, as maintaining a clear airway is essential for adequate oxygenation and ventilation.Head Tilt-Chin Lift TechniqueThe head tilt-chin lift maneuver is an essential technique primarily used in patients without suspected cervical spine injuries. To perform this maneuver, one hand is placed on the patient’s forehead, and gentle pressure is applied backward to tilt the head. The fingertips of the other hand are positioned under...
Anatomical Movements00:51

Anatomical Movements

Anatomical movements refer to the various actions or motions that can be performed by the body's joints and muscles. These movements are described using specific terms to provide a standardized way of discussing and understanding the range of motion at different joints.
Here are some common anatomical movements:
Flexion and extension motions are in the sagittal (anterior–posterior) plane of motion. These movements take place at the shoulder, hip, elbow, knee, wrist, metacarpophalangeal,...

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Updated: May 17, 2026

A Contusive Model of Unilateral Cervical Spinal Cord Injury Using the Infinite Horizon Impactor
07:28

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Published on: July 24, 2012

Cervical spine motion during extrication.

Jack R Engsberg1, John W Standeven, Timothy L Shurtleff

  • 1Human Performance Laboratory, Program in Occupational Therapy, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63108, USA.

The Journal of Emergency Medicine
|October 20, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Cervical collars and paramedic assistance during vehicle extrication can reduce head movement, but not in all scenarios. Some extrication events with assistance and protection showed no reduction in neck motion.

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Area of Science:

  • Biomechanics
  • Emergency Medicine
  • Trauma Care

Background:

  • Motor vehicle accidents are a common cause of spinal cord injuries.
  • Improper extrication techniques can exacerbate injuries, with up to 25% of spinal cord injuries potentially worsened during this phase.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze head-torso planar motion during automobile extrication.
  • To compare the effectiveness of different extrication techniques in minimizing head movement.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized video motion capture technology to quantify head relative to torso range of motion.
  • Assessed 10 participants undergoing extrication using four techniques: unassisted/unprotected, unassisted/protected (cervical collar), assisted/protected (cervical collar), and assisted/protected (cervical collar and Kendrick Extrication Device).

Main Results:

  • Unassisted extrication with a cervical collar significantly reduced head movement compared to no protection.
  • Paramedic assistance and protection decreased movement during a 'Pivot in seat' event.
  • No reduction in neck movement was observed during a 'Recline on board' event, even with full assistance and protection.

Conclusions:

  • Paramedic assistance and protection did not consistently reduce neck movement across all extrication events.
  • Further research is needed to understand why certain assisted extrication scenarios do not decrease neck movement.