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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 17, 2026

In Vivo Real-Time Study of Drug Effects on Carotid Blood Flow in the Ovine Fetus

In Vivo Real-Time Study of Drug Effects on Carotid Blood Flow in the Ovine Fetus

Published on: April 28, 2023

Does pregnancy affect the early response to cART?

Antoine Rachas¹, Josiane Warszawski, Jérôme Le Chenadec

¹Inserm, Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, U1018, Epidemiology of HIV and STI Team, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France. antoine.rachas@gmail.com

AIDS (London, England)

|October 20, 2012

Summary

Pregnancy does not impact early viral load control or CD4 count recovery during combined antiretroviral therapy (cART). Insufficient treatment duration, not pregnancy itself, hinders pregnant women from achieving undetectable viral loads by delivery.

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Area of Science:

Virology
Immunology
Maternal Health

Background:

Some pregnant women on combined antiretroviral therapy (cART) do not achieve undetectable viral loads by delivery.
Understanding the impact of pregnancy on early treatment response is crucial for optimizing HIV management in pregnant individuals.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate whether pregnancy influences the early immunovirological response to cART.
To assess the role of treatment duration and baseline characteristics in treatment outcomes for pregnant women.

Main Methods:

Retrospective analysis of antiretroviral-naive women initiating cART in French HIV cohorts (2004 onwards).
Comparison of early virological and immunological responses between women starting cART during pregnancy (n=708) and outside pregnancy (n=110).
Multivariate models adjusted for treatment duration, baseline viral load, CD4 count, sociodemographic factors, and chronic hepatitis B.

Main Results:

Pregnancy did not significantly affect viral load reduction to <400 copies/ml at 3 and 6 months.
Similar rates of viral load <50 copies/ml were observed at 3 and 6 months between pregnant and non-pregnant women.
CD4 count recovery (number and percentage) was comparable between the two groups.

Conclusions:

Pregnancy does not impair the virological response to cART below 400 copies/ml or CD4 cell increase.
The primary factor limiting pregnant women from achieving undetectable viral loads (<50 copies/ml) by delivery is insufficient treatment duration.