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Updated: May 17, 2026

Lexical Decision Task for Studying Written Word Recognition in Adults with and without Dementia or Mild Cognitive Impairment
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TRANSPOSED LETTER EFFECTS IN PREFIXED WORDS: IMPLICATIONS FOR MORPHOLOGICAL DECOMPOSITION.

Kathleen M Masserang1, Alexander Pollatsek

  • 1University of Massachusetts, Amherst.

Journal of Cognitive Psychology (Hove, England)
|October 20, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Morphemes do not appear to influence early word processing in English, as the transposed letter (TL) effect remains consistent regardless of morpheme boundaries. Language-specific properties may affect morpheme involvement in letter encoding.

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Last Updated: May 17, 2026

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Psycholinguistics
  • Neuroscience

Background:

  • Investigating the role of morphemes in early word encoding is crucial for understanding reading processes.
  • The transposed letter (TL) effect is a key paradigm for examining sensitivity to letter order in word recognition.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine if morphemes influence early stages of word processing by examining the TL effect across morpheme boundaries.
  • To investigate whether the magnitude of the TL effect differs when transposed letters cross a morpheme boundary.

Main Methods:

  • Experiments 1 and 2 utilized a parafoveal preview paradigm to assess the TL effect.
  • Experiment 3 employed a masked priming lexical-decision paradigm to replicate findings.
  • The transposed letters were manipulated to either cross or not cross a prefix-stem boundary.

Main Results:

  • A significant TL effect was consistently observed, irrespective of whether the transposed letters crossed a morpheme boundary.
  • No reduction in the TL effect was found when transposed letters straddled a morpheme boundary in English.
  • Findings were consistent across both parafoveal preview and masked priming paradigms.

Conclusions:

  • Morphemes do not seem to play a role in early English word processing stages sensitive to letter order.
  • Language-specific characteristics might modulate the influence of morphemes on early letter position encoding.
  • Further research in different languages is needed to explore cross-linguistic variations.