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Related Concept Videos

Sleep Apnea01:21

Sleep Apnea

Sleep apnea is a condition where breathing stops intermittently during sleep, often leading to significant health issues. Each episode can last from 10 to 20 seconds or more and is frequently accompanied by a brief arousal from sleep. This disturbance, largely unnoticed by the individual, can lead to severe daytime fatigue. Commonly, individuals seek help after being informed by their partners about loud snoring and noticeable breathing pauses during sleep.
The condition is more prevalent among...
Measurement of Blood Pressure01:17

Measurement of Blood Pressure

Assessing blood pressure is a standard procedure executed in virtually all medical environments. The method utilized today was established over a hundred years ago by an innovative Russian doctor, Dr. Nikolai Korotkoff. The soft ticking noise, known as Korotkoff sounds, heard while taking blood pressure readings results from turbulent blood flow within the vessels. The apparatus required for this procedure includes a sphygmomanometer, a blood pressure cuff attached to a gauge, and a stethoscope.
Coronary Artery Disease III: Clinical Manifestations01:30

Coronary Artery Disease III: Clinical Manifestations

Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) is a primary health risk worldwide, leading to significant morbidity and mortality. The condition arises from the buildup of atherosclerotic plaques within the coronary arteries, resulting in diminished blood supply to the heart muscle.The clinical manifestations of CAD vary widely, from asymptomatic stages to severe, life-threatening conditions. Understanding these manifestations is crucial for early diagnosis and effective management.Angina Pectoris: The Warning...
Assessment of the Cardiovascular System I: Subjective Data01:23

Assessment of the Cardiovascular System I: Subjective Data

A thorough health history and physical assessment are essential for identifying cardiovascular disease (CVD) symptoms and distinguishing them from other health issues.
Initial Enquiry
Ask the patient about their primary concern and thoroughly explore all reported symptoms.
Medical History
Investigate past illnesses affecting the cardiovascular system, such as angina, anemia, rheumatic fever, congenital heart disease, stroke, thrombophlebitis, dysrhythmias, varicosities
Inquire about symptoms...
Other Pulmonary Disorders01:17

Other Pulmonary Disorders

Respiratory disorders encompass a range of conditions with varying levels of severity. Asthma, marked by chronic airway inflammation and hypersensitivity, is one such condition. It can lead to airway obstruction due to factors like bronchial spasms, mucosal edema, increased mucus secretion, or epithelial damage. Asthma triggers are diverse, ranging from allergens to emotional upset, and treatment focuses on both immediate relief through bronchodilators and long-term inflammation suppression.
Pulmonary Embolism I: Introduction01:29

Pulmonary Embolism I: Introduction

Pulmonary embolism (PE) occurs when a thrombus, fat or air embolus, amniotic fluid, or tumor tissue blocks one or more pulmonary arteries. These blockages originate in the venous system or the right side of the heart.EtiologyPE primarily arises from deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and other hypercoagulable states, such as inherited thrombophilias. Additional etiological factors include venous stasis, commonly seen in obesity, and endothelial injury from surgery and trauma. Less common causes include...

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Drug-Induced Sleep Endoscopy (DISE) with Target Controlled Infusion (TCI) and Bispectral Analysis in Obstructive Sleep Apnea
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Obstructive sleep apnoea and cardiovascular complications: perception versus knowledge.

Joi J Thomas1, Jun Ren

  • 1Division of Kinesiology and Health & Biomedical Science, University of Wyoming College of Health Sciences, Laramie, WY, USA.

Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology & Physiology
|October 23, 2012
PubMed
Summary

Obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) significantly increases cardiovascular risk, independent of other factors. Understanding the mechanisms linking OSA to heart disease is crucial for patient outcomes.

Keywords:
cardiovascular diseaseobstructive sleep apnoearisk factor

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Sleep Medicine
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) is a recognized independent risk factor for cardiovascular diseases.
  • Patients with severe OSA have a higher incidence of coronary artery disease, heart failure, and stroke.
  • The precise mechanisms linking OSA to cardiovascular complications are not fully understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current knowledge on the cardiovascular consequences of OSA.
  • To explore the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms contributing to cardiovascular risk in OSA patients.

Main Methods:

  • This minireview synthesizes existing epidemiological and mechanistic data.
  • Literature search focused on obstructive sleep apnoea and cardiovascular sequelae.

Main Results:

  • OSA is strongly associated with increased cardiovascular risk, including heart disease and stroke.
  • Potential mechanisms include sympathetic nervous system activation, endothelial dysfunction, oxidative stress, and inflammation.
  • Metabolic syndrome components can exacerbate the cardiovascular risks associated with OSA.

Conclusions:

  • OSA poses a significant threat to cardiovascular health through multiple interconnected pathways.
  • Further research into these mechanisms is essential for developing effective preventative and therapeutic strategies for OSA-related cardiovascular disease.