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Total and Lower Extremity Lean Mass Percentage Positively Correlates With Jump Performance.

Mitchell L Stephenson1, Derek T Smith, Erika M Heinbaugh

  • 1Division of Kinesiology and Health, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming.

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Lean mass percentage, measured by DXA, strongly correlates with lower extremity power and force production during countermovement jumps across different age groups. This highlights its importance in assessing physical performance.

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Area of Science:

  • Exercise Physiology
  • Biomechanics
  • Gerontology

Background:

  • Muscle mass is a key determinant of strength and power, crucial for athletic performance and daily activities.
  • Dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) is a reliable method for assessing body composition, including lean mass.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the relationship between total body lean mass percentage (TBLM%) and lower extremity lean mass percentage (LELM%) with lower extremity force and power production.
  • To analyze these relationships during a countermovement jump (CMJ) in a general population across different age groups.

Main Methods:

  • DXA scans were performed on 102 participants (aged 18-75 years).
  • Participants completed three countermovement jumps recorded on force platforms.
  • Correlational analyses were used to determine the relationships between lean mass percentages and CMJ performance metrics.

Main Results:

  • Significant and strong correlations were found between TBLM% and LELM% with normalized peak vertical ground reaction force, normalized peak vertical power, and jump height (p < 0.001).
  • These strong relationships were observed across combined age groups and largely within individual age groups, though slightly weaker in middle-aged and older adults.
  • Lean mass percentages explained less than 60% of the variability in CMJ measures, indicating other factors also influence performance.

Conclusions:

  • DXA-assessed lean mass percentage is a valuable component for evaluating lower extremity strength and power.
  • Combining DXA analysis with CMJ testing may help identify neuromuscular deficits impacting performance.