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Related Concept Videos

MicroRNAs01:22

MicroRNAs

MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns (non-coding regions of a gene) or intergenic regions (stretches of DNA present between genes). Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself, forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA...
MicroRNAs01:22

MicroRNAs

MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns—non-coding regions of a gene—or intergenic regions—stretches of DNA present between genes. Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA ends...
MicroRNAs01:22

MicroRNAs

MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns—non-coding regions of a gene—or intergenic regions—stretches of DNA present between genes. Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA ends...
Alternative RNA Splicing02:18

Alternative RNA Splicing

Alternative RNA splicing is the regulated splicing of exons and introns to produce different mature mRNAs from a single pre-mRNA. Unlike in constitutive splicing where a single gene produces a single type of mRNA, alternative splicing allows an organism to produce multiple proteins from a single gene and plays an important role in protein diversity.
There are five types of alternative RNA splicing that vary in the ways the pre-mRNA segments are removed or retained in the mature mRNA. The first...
Alternative RNA Splicing02:18

Alternative RNA Splicing

Alternative RNA splicing is the regulated splicing of exons and introns to produce different mature mRNAs from a single pre-mRNA. Unlike in constitutive splicing where a single gene produces a single type of mRNA, alternative splicing allows an organism to produce multiple proteins from a single gene and plays an important role in protein diversity.
There are five types of alternative RNA splicing that vary in the ways the pre-mRNA segments are removed or retained in the mature mRNA. The first...
Experimental RNAi02:15

Experimental RNAi

RNA interference (RNAi) is a cellular mechanism that inhibits gene expression by suppressing its transcription or activating the RNA degradation process. The mechanism was discovered by Andrew Fire and Craig Mello in 1998 in plants. Today, it is observed in almost all eukaryotes, including protozoa, flies, nematodes, insects, parasites, and mammals. This precise cellular mechanism of gene silencing has been developed into a technique that provides an efficient way to identify and determine the...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 17, 2026

Identifying Targets of Human microRNAs with the LightSwitch Luciferase Assay System using 3'UTR-reporter Constructs and a microRNA Mimic in Adherent Cells
07:19

Identifying Targets of Human microRNAs with the LightSwitch Luciferase Assay System using 3'UTR-reporter Constructs and a microRNA Mimic in Adherent Cells

Published on: September 28, 2011

Alternative mRNA fates identified in microRNA-associated transcriptome analysis.

Adam P Carroll1, Nham Tran, Paul A Tooney

  • 1School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia.

BMC Genomics
|October 23, 2012
PubMed
Summary

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) can both decrease and increase gene expression by interacting with target genes. They also influence transcription factors, like miR-181b affecting E2F1, amplifying their regulatory role.

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Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 17, 2026

Identifying Targets of Human microRNAs with the LightSwitch Luciferase Assay System using 3'UTR-reporter Constructs and a microRNA Mimic in Adherent Cells
07:19

Identifying Targets of Human microRNAs with the LightSwitch Luciferase Assay System using 3'UTR-reporter Constructs and a microRNA Mimic in Adherent Cells

Published on: September 28, 2011

A Reporter Assay to Analyze Intronic microRNA Maturation in Mammalian Cells
06:48

A Reporter Assay to Analyze Intronic microRNA Maturation in Mammalian Cells

Published on: June 16, 2022

Biotin-based Pulldown Assay to Validate mRNA Targets of Cellular miRNAs
11:00

Biotin-based Pulldown Assay to Validate mRNA Targets of Cellular miRNAs

Published on: June 12, 2018

Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics
  • Epigenetics

Background:

  • MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs regulating gene expression via the RNA induced silencing complex (RISC).
  • While typically associated with gene silencing, miRNAs can also stabilize target RNA and enhance translation.
  • The roles of miR-181b and miR-107 in gene regulation warrant further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the molecular consequences of modulating miR-181b and miR-107 in human cell lines.
  • To explore the dual role of miRNAs in gene regulation, including potential transcript stabilization and translation enhancement.
  • To identify direct and indirect regulatory mechanisms of miRNAs.

Main Methods:

  • Genome-wide expression analysis of human cell lines with modulated miR-181b and miR-107.
  • Pathway analysis and correlation with predicted miRNA targets based on seed region homology.
  • Functional validation of selected miRNA target genes using reporter gene assays.

Main Results:

  • Identified numerous conserved and non-conserved miRNA target genes.
  • Observed a significant proportion of predicted target genes positively correlated with miRNA modulation, contrary to expectations.
  • Found miR-181b associated genes enriched with E2F1 transcription factor binding motifs, despite lacking direct miRNA recognition elements.

Conclusions:

  • miRNAs directly regulate target genes via conserved and non-conserved elements, influencing transcript abundance both positively and negatively.
  • miRNAs amplify their regulatory impact by interacting with transcription factor genes, as demonstrated by the miR-181b/E2F1 interaction.
  • These findings reveal a more complex regulatory role for miRNAs than previously understood.