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Modeling Neanderthal clothing using ethnographic analogues.

¹Department of Anthropology, University of Connecticut, CT 06269-2176, USA. nathan.wales@uconn.edu

Journal of Human Evolution

|October 23, 2012

Summary

Neanderthal clothing likely covered up to 80% of their bodies in winter, using non-tailored materials. This contrasts with more sophisticated clothing worn by Upper Paleolithic humans, potentially impacting Neanderthal survival.

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Area of Science:

Paleoanthropology
Archaeology
Human Evolution

Background:

Direct evidence for Neanderthal clothing is scarce.
Understanding Paleolithic clothing offers insights into Neanderthal capabilities.
Hunter-gatherer clothing data can model past behaviors.

Purpose of the Study:

To infer Neanderthal clothing patterns using modern hunter-gatherer data.
To model Neanderthal clothing use based on environmental factors.
To explore the relationship between Neanderthal clothing and extinction.

Main Methods:

Analysis of clothing data from 245 recent hunter-gatherer groups.
Beta and logistic regression modeling against environmental variables (temperature, wind, rainfall).
Modeling Neanderthal clothing across European Pleistocene conditions.

Main Results:

Neanderthals may have covered up to 80% of their bodies in winter with non-tailored clothing.
Hand and foot coverings were likely used by some Neanderthal populations.
Upper Paleolithic modern humans wore more sophisticated clothing than Neanderthals.

Conclusions:

Neanderthal clothing was likely simpler than that of modern humans.
Clothing sophistication may be linked to Neanderthal extinction.
This study provides a new perspective on Paleolithic behavioral variability.