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Related Concept Videos

Portal Hypertension01:22

Portal Hypertension

Portal hypertension is an increase in blood pressure within the portal venous system. Normally, this pressure is less than 5 mmHg. It is considered clinically significant when it rises above 10 mmHg. At this threshold, complications from altered blood flow and venous congestion emerge.EtiologyPortal hypertension arises from conditions that impede blood flow through the liver. The most common cause is cirrhosis, in which chronic liver injury leads to fibrotic scarring. This fibrosis narrows or...
Hepatic Encephalopathy01:29

Hepatic Encephalopathy

DefinitionHepatic encephalopathy is a reversible neurologic syndrome that results from advanced liver dysfunction or portosystemic shunting. It leads to disturbances in cognition, behavior, and motor function due to the brain’s exposure to gut-derived toxins that the liver fails to detoxify.EtiologyThis condition develops either in the setting of acute fulminant hepatitis or progressively during chronic liver disease, such as cirrhosis and portal hypertension. Portosystemic shunting—including...
Pneumothorax-I01:26

Pneumothorax-I

A pneumothorax is a condition where air builds up in the space between the lung and the chest wall, causing the lung to collapse. This condition arises when air enters the space between the parietal and visceral pleura, disrupting the negative pressure essential for lung inflation. This can lead to a partial or complete collapse of the lung.
Pneumothorax can be even further classified as spontaneous, traumatic, and tension pneumothorax.
Pneumothorax II: Pathophysiology01:08

Pneumothorax II: Pathophysiology

Pneumothorax means the presence of air in the pleural space — the thin potential gap between the visceral and parietal pleura. This condition disrupts the normal pressure balance that keeps the lungs inflated, leading to partial or complete collapse of the affected lung.Normal physiologyUnder normal conditions, the pleural space maintains a slightly negative intrapleural pressure, which keeps the lungs expanded against the chest wall. This negative pressure creates a delicate balance between...
Ascites01:19

Ascites

DefinitionAscites is the buildup of fluid inside the peritoneal cavity. It occurs when fluid moves out of the vascular system faster than the peritoneal lymphatics can remove it. This fluid shift is most commonly seen in liver cirrhosis but can also appear in several other systemic disorders.EtiologyCirrhosis remains the leading cause of ascites. Other conditions that can contribute include:Heart failureConstrictive pericarditisAbdominal cancersNephrotic syndromeSevere protein–calorie...
Pneumothorax-II01:27

Pneumothorax-II

Pneumothorax is a medical condition defined by the buildup of air in the pleural space between the lungs and the chest wall. This accumulation of air can lead to partial or complete lung collapse, resulting in a range of clinical manifestations. Understanding the clinical presentation and effective management strategies is crucial for healthcare professionals in providing timely and appropriate care to individuals with pneumothorax.
Clinical Manifestations:

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Laparoscopic Anatomical Right Hemihepatectomy via the In Situ Anterior Approach
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Published on: August 8, 2025

Hepatic hydrothorax.

Kiran Baikati1, Duong L Le, Ibrahim I Jabbour

  • 1Department of Gastroenterology, The Brooklyn Hospital Center, Brooklyn, NY.

American Journal of Therapeutics
|October 23, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Hepatic hydrothorax, a pleural effusion in liver cirrhosis patients, affects 5-6%. Management includes diuretics and sodium restriction, with liver transplantation as the definitive treatment.

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Area of Science:

  • Hepatology
  • Pulmonology
  • Gastroenterology

Background:

  • Hepatic hydrothorax is a serious complication of liver cirrhosis, characterized by pleural effusion without heart or lung disease.
  • It affects approximately 5-6% of patients with liver cirrhosis.
  • Pathophysiology involves ascitic fluid translocation into the pleural space via diaphragmatic defects.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the diagnosis and management of hepatic hydrothorax.
  • To highlight therapeutic options for patients awaiting liver transplantation.

Main Methods:

  • Diagnostic thoracentesis with pleural fluid analysis.
  • Medical management including sodium restriction and diuretics.
  • Surgical and interventional procedures such as TIPS, VATS repair, and pleurodesis.
  • Pharmacological treatments including vasoconstrictors like octreotide and terlipressin.

Main Results:

  • Liver transplantation is the only definitive cure for hepatic hydrothorax.
  • Various management strategies aim to control fluid accumulation and alleviate symptoms.
  • Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS), video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) repair, pleurodesis, and vasoconstrictors are considered for non-transplant candidates.

Conclusions:

  • Hepatic hydrothorax requires a multidisciplinary approach for optimal patient outcomes.
  • Effective management strategies can improve quality of life and serve as a bridge to liver transplantation.