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Related Concept Videos

Gas Chromatography: Types of Detectors-II01:19

Gas Chromatography: Types of Detectors-II

In gas chromatography, different detectors are employed to meet specific analytical needs. These detectors are often categorized based on their detection mechanisms and the types of compounds they are best suited to analyze. Thermal Conductivity Detectors (TCD), Flame Ionization Detectors (FID), and Electron Capture Detectors (ECD) represent common categories, each with unique operating principles and applications. However, beyond these, several other detectors are designed for more specialized...
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Labeling DNA Probes

DNA probes are fragments of DNA labeled with a reporter tag to enable their detection or purification. The resulting labeled DNA probes can then hybridize to target nucleic acid sequences through complementary base-pairing, and may be used to recover or identify these regions.
Radioisotopes, fluorophores, or small molecule binding partners like biotin or digoxigenin, are the most widely used reporter tags for labeling DNA probes. These labels can be attached to the probe DNA molecule via...
Gas Chromatography: Types of Detectors-I01:21

Gas Chromatography: Types of Detectors-I

There are different types of detectors used in gas chromatography, each with its own specific properties that make it suitable for detecting certain types of analytes. The most commonly used detectors in GC are thermal conductivity detector (TCD), flame ionization detector (FID), and electron capture detector (ECD).
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Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay01:33

Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay

In 1971, Peter Perlman and Eva Engvall developed an Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA or EIA). ELISA differs from western blot in that the assays are conducted in microtiter plates or in vivo rather than on an absorbent membrane.
There are many different types of ELISAs, but they all involve an antibody molecule whose constant region binds an enzyme, leaving the variable region free to bind its specific antigen.  Enzyme-substrate reaction allows the antigen to be visualized or quantified.
High-Performance Liquid Chromatography: Types of Detectors01:15

High-Performance Liquid Chromatography: Types of Detectors

The role of the detectors in High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) is to analyze the solutes as they exit from the chromatographic column. The detector recognizes the solute's property and generates corresponding electrical signals, which are converted into a readable graph of the detector's response versus elution time called a chromatogram at the computer. There are several types of HPLC detectors, each with its own advantages and limitations, depending on the analyte properties and...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 17, 2026

Fabrication of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS)-Based Flexible Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering (SERS) Substrate for Ultrasensitive Detection
03:33

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Published on: November 17, 2023

SERS substrate for detection of explosives.

Alison Chou1, Esa Jaatinen, Ricardas Buividas

  • 1School of Chemistry, Physics and Mechanical Engineering Faculty of Science and Engineering, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane 4001, QLD, Australia. alison.chou@qut.edu.au

Nanoscale
|October 23, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers developed a novel "optical nose" using laser-nanostructured surfaces for explosive vapor detection. This surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) system offers a sensitive and practical approach for security applications.

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Surface Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy Detection of Biomolecules Using EBL Fabricated Nanostructured Substrates

Published on: March 20, 2015

Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Analytical Chemistry
  • Spectroscopy

Background:

  • Detection of explosive substances is critical for security.
  • Existing methods may lack sensitivity or practicality.
  • Novel sensor platforms are needed for enhanced explosive detection.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate a novel gold-coated, femtosecond laser nanostructured sapphire surface as an
  • optical nose
  • for detecting nitroaromatic vapors.
  • To evaluate the sensor's performance using surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS).
  • To assess the potential for commercial manufacturing and security applications.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of a gold-coated sapphire surface using femtosecond laser nanostructuring.
  • Utilizing surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) for vapor detection.
  • Testing the sensor with four different nitroaromatic vapors at room temperature.

Main Results:

  • The nanostructured surface acted as an effective "optical nose" for explosive vapors.
  • Unambiguous sensor responses were observed in the range of 0.05–15 μM at 25 °C.
  • Laser-fabricated nanostructures enhanced the Raman signal by up to eight-fold.

Conclusions:

  • The developed sensing system is simple and compatible with commercial manufacturing.
  • This technology can be integrated into security or investigative missions for explosive taggant detection.
  • The "optical nose" shows promise for sensitive and practical explosive vapor detection.