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Membrane Transporters

Membrane Transporters

Transporters are essential membrane transport proteins with functions related to cell nutrition, homeostasis, communication, etc. Approximately 7% of all genes in the human genome code for transporters or transporter-related proteins.
Transporters are mainly composed of alpha-helices, built from bundles of ten or more helices traversing the plasma membrane. The solute-binding sites are located midway, where some of the helices are broken or distorted, making space for the binding site through...

Carrier-Mediated Transport

Carrier-Mediated Transport

Carrier-mediated transport is a pivotal process in drug absorption, particularly for lipid-insoluble drugs, and encompasses facilitated diffusion and active transport. Facilitated diffusion allows drugs to move along their concentration gradient without energy expenditure, while active transport utilizes ATP to drive drug movement against this gradient.
Active transport involves two types of membrane-spanning transporters: uptake and efflux. Uptake transporters are expressed in the small...

The Significance of Membrane Transport

The Significance of Membrane Transport

The transport of solutes across the cell membrane is essential for metabolic processes, like maintaining cell size and volume, generating the action potential, exchanging nutrients and gases, etc. Membrane transport can be either passive or active. It can be simple diffusion, facilitated, or mediated transport aided by transport proteins such as transporters and channels.
Transporters facilitate either an active or passive movement of solutes. They can allow a single-molecule transport down its...

Hepatic Drug Clearance: Role of Transporters

Hepatic Drug Clearance: Role of Transporters

In the liver and bile canaliculi, influx and efflux transporters modification can influence intrinsic clearance. Transporters play a significant role in moving drugs within liver cells. Elaborate models, such as the Biopharmaceutical Classification System (BCS), are essential to relate transporters to drug disposition. This system categorizes drugs into four classes based on solubility and permeability, providing insights into elimination routes and the effects of transporters following oral...

ABC Transporters: Exporter

ABC Transporters: Exporter

ATP-binding cassette or ABC transporter is the largest superfamily of integral membrane proteins. The transporters have transmembrane-binding domains (TMDs) and nucleotide-binding domains (NBDs). The TMDs are specific to their substrates, whereas the NBDs are similar to engines that complete ATP hydrolysis to complete the substrate transport. They can be full transporters consisting of two TMDs and NBDs, half transporters with one TMD and NBD, while some encoded with a single TMD or NBD are...

Drug Absorption Mechanism: Carrier-Mediated Membrane Transport

Drug Absorption Mechanism: Carrier-Mediated Membrane Transport

Certain large, lipid-insoluble drug molecules that resemble amino acids, peptides, or glucose, require specialized carrier proteins to facilitate their diffusion across cell membranes. This transport can occur through either facilitated diffusion, which does not require energy input, or active transport, which does require energy input.
Facilitated diffusion is a passive process that utilizes human Solute Carrier (SLC) transporters. These transporters bind to the drug, undergo structural...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 17, 2026

High-Throughput Expression and Purification of Human Solute Carriers for Structural and Biochemical Studies

High-Throughput Expression and Purification of Human Solute Carriers for Structural and Biochemical Studies

Published on: September 29, 2023

The UCSF-FDA TransPortal: a public drug transporter database.

K M Morrissey¹, C C Wen, S J Johns

¹Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, USA.

Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics

|October 23, 2012

Summary

A new online database, the UCSF-FDA TransPortal, provides crucial information on drug transporters, aiding researchers and drug developers in understanding drug effects and improving safety.

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Models and Methods to Evaluate Transport of Drug Delivery Systems Across Cellular Barriers

Models and Methods to Evaluate Transport of Drug Delivery Systems Across Cellular Barriers

Published on: October 17, 2013

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Last Updated: May 17, 2026

High-Throughput Expression and Purification of Human Solute Carriers for Structural and Biochemical Studies

High-Throughput Expression and Purification of Human Solute Carriers for Structural and Biochemical Studies

Published on: September 29, 2023

Models and Methods to Evaluate Transport of Drug Delivery Systems Across Cellular Barriers

Models and Methods to Evaluate Transport of Drug Delivery Systems Across Cellular Barriers

Published on: October 17, 2013

Area of Science:

Pharmacology and Drug Development
Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
Computational Biology

Background:

Drug transporters significantly influence drug absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME).
Understanding transporter roles is critical for predicting drug efficacy and toxicity.
Existing data on drug transporters are fragmented, hindering comprehensive analysis.

Purpose of the Study:

To introduce the UCSF-FDA TransPortal, a novel online resource.
To provide a centralized platform for drug transporter information relevant to research and drug development.

Main Methods:

Development of a comprehensive online database.
Integration of data on drug transporters, their functions, and associated drugs.

Main Results:

The UCSF-FDA TransPortal offers a valuable resource for the scientific community.
The portal facilitates access to essential information on drug transporters.

Conclusions:

The UCSF-FDA TransPortal is a significant advancement for drug development and regulatory science.
This resource will aid in optimizing drug therapies and minimizing adverse events.