Complex magnetic order in Pr₂Pd₃Ge₅: a single crystal study

We have investigated the magnetic and electronic transport properties of single crystal Pr(2)Pd(3)Ge(5) grown by the Czochralski method. Complex magnetic behaviour (multiple magnetic transitions) is clearly seen in this compound from the magnetic susceptibility χ(T), isothermal magnetization M(H) and electrical resistivity ρ(T) data. For the magnetic field applied along the crystallographic c-axis (H ‖ [001]) the χ(T) data exhibit two sharp transitions at 6.9 and 6.3 K and a broad hump near 8 K. Four anomalies at 8.0, 7.3, 6.2 and 4.9 K are observed for the magnetic field along both a- and b-directions (H ‖ [100] and H ‖ [010]). Further, the ordered state χ(T) presents a large anisotropy with an easy axis along the c-axis. The presence of magnetocrystalline anisotropy is also inferred from the isothermal M(H) data. The M(H) data measured at 1.9 K for H ‖ [001] exhibit a step-like increase due to field-induced metamagnetic transitions at [Formula: see text] T and [Formula: see text] T. For H ‖ [100] and H ‖ [010] sharp step-like field-induced metamagnetic transitions occur at [Formula: see text] T and [Formula: see text] T which are accompanied by a weak S-shaped spin-flop metamagnetic transition at [Formula: see text] T. We have extracted the H-T phase diagram from the M(H) data collected at different temperatures in the magnetically ordered state which shows the existence of three magnetic phases below T(N) for H ‖ [100] and H ‖ [010], and two magnetic phases for H ‖ [001]. A sharp transition due to the onset of long range antiferromagnetic order is also seen in the ρ(T) data which also exhibit anisotropic behaviour. The observation of an upturn near T(N) in the ρ(T) data suggests the formation of a super-zone gap and hence the existence of incommensurate magnetic structure. Further, in the ordered state, the ρ(T) data present a gap in the excitation spectrum of magnons with a characteristic energy gap Δ ∼ 0.23 meV.