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Related Concept Videos

Biological Effects of Radiation02:59

Biological Effects of Radiation

All radioactive nuclides emit high-energy particles or electromagnetic waves. When this radiation encounters living cells, it can cause heating, break chemical bonds, or ionize molecules. The most serious biological damage results when these radioactive emissions fragment or ionize molecules. For example, α and β particles emitted from nuclear decay reactions possess much higher energies than ordinary chemical bond energies. When these particles strike and penetrate matter, they produce ions...
Mutations01:35

Mutations

Mutations are changes in the sequence of DNA. These changes can occur spontaneously or they can be induced by exposure to environmental factors. Mutations can be characterized in a number of different ways: whether and how they alter the amino acid sequence of the protein, whether they occur over a small or large area of DNA, and whether they occur in somatic cells or germline cells.
Chromosomal Alterations Are Large-Scale Mutations
While point mutations are changes in a single nucleotide in...
Radiation: Applications01:17

Radiation: Applications

The average temperature of Earth is the subject of much current discussion. Earth is in radiative contact with both the Sun and dark space; it receives almost all its energy from the radiation of the Sun and reflects some of it into outer space. Dark space is very cold, about 3 K, so Earth radiates energy into it. For instance, heat transfer occurs from soil and grasses, the rate of which can be so rapid that frost can occur on clear summer evenings, even in warm latitudes.
The average...
Absorption of Radiation01:05

Absorption of Radiation

The rate of heat transfer by emitted radiation is described by the Stefan-Boltzmann law of radiation:
Types of Radioactivity03:23

Types of Radioactivity

The most common types of radioactivity are α decay, β decay, γ decay, neutron emission, and electron capture.
Alpha (α) decay is the emission of an α particle from the nucleus. For example, polonium-210 undergoes α decay:
Isotopes and Radioisotopes01:28

Isotopes and Radioisotopes

In the early 1900s, English chemist Frederick Soddy realized that an element could have atoms with different masses that were chemically indistinguishable. These different types are called isotopes — atoms of the same element that differ in mass. Isotopes differ in mass because they have different numbers of neutrons but are chemically identical because they have the same number of protons. Soddy was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1921 for this discovery.
An isotope containing more...

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Updated: May 17, 2026

Intestinal Epithelial Regeneration in Response to Ionizing Irradiation
09:10

Intestinal Epithelial Regeneration in Response to Ionizing Irradiation

Published on: July 27, 2022

Radiation effects.

R J Preston1

  • 1National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA. Preston.Julian@epamail.epa.gov

Annals of the ICRP
|October 24, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The International Commission on Radiological Protection Committee 1 reviews radiation risks, including cancer and heritable diseases, and tissue reactions. Their work informs radiation protection standards by interpreting radio-epidemiological and radiobiological data.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 17, 2026

Intestinal Epithelial Regeneration in Response to Ionizing Irradiation
09:10

Intestinal Epithelial Regeneration in Response to Ionizing Irradiation

Published on: July 27, 2022

Area of Science:

  • Radiation biology and radio-epidemiology
  • Radiation protection standards
  • Mechanisms of radiation action

Background:

  • International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) Committee 1 (C1) focuses on health risks from ionizing radiation.
  • Understanding radiation's effects is crucial for setting safety guidelines.
  • Previous recommendations provide a framework for current research.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To outline the activities of ICRP Committee 1 in relation to the 2007 ICRP Recommendations.
  • To discuss key findings on radon-induced lung cancer and tissue reactions.
  • To highlight areas influencing radiation risk estimates and protection coefficients.

Main Methods:

  • Interpretation of current radio-epidemiological studies.
  • Analysis of information on disease mechanisms and radiation-induced diseases.
  • Review of radiobiological studies at multiple levels (whole animal to molecular).

Main Results:

  • C1 considers cancer and heritable disease risks, radiation action mechanisms, and tissue reactions.
  • Deliberations on radon and lung cancer, and tissue reactions are highlighted.
  • Activities are summarized to show their impact on radiation protection.

Conclusions:

  • ICRP C1's work is vital for understanding and quantifying radiation risks.
  • Current research directly influences radiation protection risk coefficients.
  • The committee's findings support the development of updated radiation safety measures.