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Related Concept Videos

Control Systems01:10

Control Systems

Control systems are everywhere in contemporary society, influencing diverse applications from aerospace to automated manufacturing. These systems can be found naturally within biological processes, such as blood sugar regulation and heart rate adjustment in response to stress, as well as in man-made systems like elevators and automated vehicles. A control system is essentially a network of subsystems and processes that collaboratively convert specific inputs into desired outputs.
At the heart...
Radiation: Applications01:17

Radiation: Applications

The average temperature of Earth is the subject of much current discussion. Earth is in radiative contact with both the Sun and dark space; it receives almost all its energy from the radiation of the Sun and reflects some of it into outer space. Dark space is very cold, about 3 K, so Earth radiates energy into it. For instance, heat transfer occurs from soil and grasses, the rate of which can be so rapid that frost can occur on clear summer evenings, even in warm latitudes.
The average...
Control Systems: Applications01:25

Control Systems: Applications

Electrical engineering plays a pivotal role in our daily lives, with control systems at the heart of many applications, from home appliances to sophisticated space shuttles. Control systems manage and regulate the behavior of devices and processes, ensuring they function safely, correctly, and efficiently.
In modern vehicles, control systems manage various functions to enhance performance and safety. The steering wheel and accelerator are primary inputs in a car's control system. The direction...
Types of Errors: Detection and Minimization01:12

Types of Errors: Detection and Minimization

Error is the deviation of the obtained result from the true, expected value or the estimated central value. Errors are expressed in absolute or relative terms.
Absolute error in a measurement is the numerical difference from the true or central value. Relative error is the ratio between absolute error and the true or central value, expressed as a percentage.
Errors can be classified by source, magnitude, and sign. There are three types of errors: systematic, random, and gross.
Systematic or...
Radiation Pressure: Problem Solving01:09

Radiation Pressure: Problem Solving

The radiation pressure applied by an electromagnetic wave on a perfectly absorbing surface equals the energy density of the wave. The wave's momentum also gets transferred to the surface when an electromagnetic wave is entirely absorbed by it. The rate at which momentum is transmitted to an absorbing surface perpendicular to the propagation direction equals the force on the surface.
The average value of the rate of momentum transfer divided by the absorbing area represents the average force per...
Types of Biopharmaceutical Studies: Controlled and Non-Controlled Approaches01:23

Types of Biopharmaceutical Studies: Controlled and Non-Controlled Approaches

Biopharmaceutical studies constitute a vital field aiming to enhance drug delivery methods and refine therapeutic approaches, drawing upon diverse interdisciplinary knowledge. In research methodologies, the choice between controlled and non-controlled studies significantly influences the study's reliability and accuracy.
Non-controlled studies, commonly employed for initial exploration, lack a control group, rendering them susceptible to biases and external influences. In contrast, controlled...

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Radiation Planning Assistant - A Streamlined, Fully Automated Radiotherapy Treatment Planning System
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Published on: April 11, 2018

Impact of complexity and computer control on errors in radiation therapy.

B A Fraass1

  • 1Department of Radiation Oncology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Blvd., AC1085, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA. benedick.fraass@cshs.org

Annals of the ICRP
|October 24, 2012
PubMed
Summary

Modern radiation therapy (RT) uses complex technology, raising safety concerns. Studies examine if this complexity increases errors in RT planning and delivery, impacting patient safety.

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Area of Science:

  • Medical Physics
  • Radiation Oncology
  • Patient Safety

Background:

  • Recent reports highlight significant errors in patient radiation treatments.
  • The complexity of modern radiotherapy techniques and equipment raises concerns about potential safety issues.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the relationship between complexity, computer control, and safety problems in radiation therapy.
  • To analyze whether modern radiotherapy techniques lead to an increased number of errors or safety-related issues.

Main Methods:

  • Review of reported safety problems and errors in radiation therapy.
  • Analysis of studies evaluating the impact of complexity in modern radiotherapy techniques.
  • Discussion of clinical implications and field responses to safety concerns.

Main Results:

  • Complexity in radiation therapy planning and delivery is linked to reported safety issues.
  • The study evaluates whether advanced techniques like intensity-modulated radiation therapy and image-guided radiation therapy contribute to errors.
  • Findings inform strategies to mitigate risks associated with complex radiotherapy.

Conclusions:

  • Addressing complexity and computer control is crucial for enhancing radiation therapy safety.
  • The field must develop robust responses to ongoing concerns about errors in modern radiotherapy.
  • Mitigating safety issues requires a thorough understanding of the link between technological complexity and patient outcomes.