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Updated: May 17, 2026

Noninvasive Determination of Vortex Formation Time Using Transesophageal Echocardiography During Cardiac Surgery
Published on: November 28, 2018
Transesophageal echocardiography in noncardiac thoracic surgery
Breandan Sullivan1, Ferenc Puskas, Ana Fernandez-Bustamante
1Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA. breandan.sullivan@ucdenver.edu
Abstract:
In high-risk surgeries with medically complicated patients, transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) adds an additional level of monitoring with which few can disagree. This article presents multiple applications of TEE that can assist both the anesthesiologist and the surgeon through major noncardiac thoracic surgery. It highlights how TEE can be used as an adjuvant to lung resection surgery; TEE as a monitor during lung transplantation; TEE to assess patients for extracorporeal membrane oxygenation; TEE for thoracic aortic surgery; and TEE in the assessment of patients with acute pulmonary hypertension undergoing noncardiac thoracic surgery.
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