Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Contact-dependent Signaling01:19

Contact-dependent Signaling

47.6K
Contact-dependent signaling, as the name suggests, requires that communicating cells be in direct contact with each other. This is achieved either through receptor-ligand interactions or by specialized cytoplasmic channels that allow the flow of small molecules between cells. In animal cells, channels called gap junctions facilitate contact-dependent signaling in certain tissues, whereas, plasmodesmata perform a similar function in plants.
Gap Junctions
In animal cells, gap junctions are formed...
47.6K
Calmodulin-dependent Signaling01:16

Calmodulin-dependent Signaling

6.2K
Calmodulin (CaM) is a calcium-binding protein in eukaryotes that controls various calcium-regulated cellular processes. It has four calcium-binding sites that bind calcium to form the calcium-calmodulin ( Ca2+-CaM) complex. GPCR stimulation increases the calcium levels in the cells that bind to CaM and induces a conformational change.
The Ca2+-CaM complex does not have enzymatic activity by itself. Instead, the complex binds downstream target proteins, including membrane proteins or enzymes,...
6.2K
NF-κB-dependent Signaling Pathway02:26

NF-κB-dependent Signaling Pathway

10.1K
The transcription factor NF-κB was discovered in 1986 in the lab of Nobel laureate Professor David Baltimore, for its interaction with the immunoglobulin light chain enhancer in B-cells. After more than three decades of study, it is now evident that NF-κB regulates the expression of over 100 genes. Most of these genes play an essential role in the innate and adaptive immune responses as well as the inflammatory responses of animals.
NF-κB-dependent Signaling Mechanism
The...
10.1K
Inflammatory Response01:28

Inflammatory Response

16.9K
An inflammatory response is a localized, nonspecific immune reaction that occurs when a tissue is injured. It is characterized by redness, swelling, heat, and pain, which are commonly called the cardinal signs and symptoms of inflammation. Inflammation can sometimes result in a loss of function.
Inflammation can be triggered by various stimuli, such as impact, abrasion, chemical irritation, infections, and extreme hot or cold temperatures. These can damage cells and connective tissue fibers,...
16.9K
Inflammatory Response II: Inflammatory Exudate and Tissue Repair01:24

Inflammatory Response II: Inflammatory Exudate and Tissue Repair

8.0K
The immune system's inflammatory response destroys the invading pathogen, permitting the tissue to heal. The changes during the cellular and vascular stages allow exudate formation at the site of inflammation. The inflammatory exudate released from the wound has high protein content and a specific gravity above 1.020.
The typical wound exudate is odorless, transparent, straw-colored, thin, and watery. Exudate, however, can differ depending on the state of wound healing. Likewise, the...
8.0K
Frequency-dependent Selection01:21

Frequency-dependent Selection

24.2K
When the fitness of a trait is influenced by how common it is (i.e., its frequency) relative to different traits within a population, this is referred to as frequency-dependent selection. Frequency-dependent selection may occur between species or within a single species. This type of selection can either be positive—with more common phenotypes having higher fitness—or negative, with rarer phenotypes conferring increased fitness.
24.2K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

The metabolic basis of regulated cell death.

Cell metabolism·2026
Same author

Rethinking neonatal <i>Escherichia coli</i> sepsis: the overlooked role of maternally transferred immunity.

Frontiers in immunology·2026
Same author

RNA methylation in cell death: mechanisms and clinical applications.

Molecular cancer·2026
Same author

Fluorogenic probes for intracellular copper detection and the study of cuproptosis.

Methods in cell biology·2026
Same author

Hyperuricemia aggravates acute pancreatitis through CNR1-mediated inflammatory signaling and gut-pancreas axis dysregulation: a multi-omics and clinical study.

Scientific reports·2026
Same author

Spermine is an endogenous iron chelator that inhibits ferroptosis.

Nature·2026
Same journal

ZNRF3 and RNF43 are active monomeric E3 ubiquitin ligases that self-associate.

Science signaling·2026
Same journal

Allosteric ligands with distinct properties uncover tissue-specific physiological regulation mediated by free fatty acid receptor 2.

Science signaling·2026
Same journal

Diacylglycerol kinase ζ in B lymphocytes supports CD40-mediated immune synapse formation, mTORC1 signaling, and plasma cell fate.

Science signaling·2026
Same journal

The APC/C adaptor Cdh1 stabilizes STING to potentiate innate immune activation in renal cell carcinoma.

Science signaling·2026
Same journal

Fattening mother's milk with oxytocin.

Science signaling·2026
Same journal

Virion display reveals MD-1 as an endogenous agonist for the orphan receptor GPRC5B.

Science signaling·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 10, 2026

Monitoring Activation of the Antiviral Pattern Recognition Receptors RIG-I And PKR By Limited Protease Digestion and Native PAGE
12:43

Monitoring Activation of the Antiviral Pattern Recognition Receptors RIG-I And PKR By Limited Protease Digestion and Native PAGE

Published on: July 29, 2014

12.7K

PKR-dependent inflammatory signals.

Rui Kang1, Daolin Tang

  • 1Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.

Science Signaling
|October 25, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Double-stranded RNA-dependent protein kinase (PKR) regulates immune responses and inflammasome activation. This cell stress kinase and HMGB1 are potential targets for treating inflammasome-associated inflammatory diseases.

More Related Videos

In Vitro Analysis of PDZ-dependent CFTR Macromolecular Signaling Complexes
10:05

In Vitro Analysis of PDZ-dependent CFTR Macromolecular Signaling Complexes

Published on: August 13, 2012

11.7K
Induction of Adhesion-dependent Signals Using Low-intensity Ultrasound
08:51

Induction of Adhesion-dependent Signals Using Low-intensity Ultrasound

Published on: May 8, 2012

9.9K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Feb 10, 2026

Monitoring Activation of the Antiviral Pattern Recognition Receptors RIG-I And PKR By Limited Protease Digestion and Native PAGE
12:43

Monitoring Activation of the Antiviral Pattern Recognition Receptors RIG-I And PKR By Limited Protease Digestion and Native PAGE

Published on: July 29, 2014

12.7K
In Vitro Analysis of PDZ-dependent CFTR Macromolecular Signaling Complexes
10:05

In Vitro Analysis of PDZ-dependent CFTR Macromolecular Signaling Complexes

Published on: August 13, 2012

11.7K
Induction of Adhesion-dependent Signals Using Low-intensity Ultrasound
08:51

Induction of Adhesion-dependent Signals Using Low-intensity Ultrasound

Published on: May 8, 2012

9.9K

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Cellular Stress Response

Background:

  • Double-stranded RNA-dependent protein kinase (PKR) is a key regulator of cellular stress and immune signaling pathways.
  • PKR influences mitogen-activated protein kinases, interferon regulatory factor 3, nuclear factor κB, apoptosis, and autophagy.
  • Dysregulation of PKR is linked to inflammation and immune dysfunction.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of PKR in inflammasome activation and the release of high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1).
  • To elucidate the multifaceted roles of PKR in regulating inflammatory immune responses.

Main Methods:

  • The study likely involved molecular biology techniques to assess PKR activity and its downstream effects.
  • Investigated the impact of PKR on inflammasome components and HMGB1 release.

Main Results:

  • PKR is essential for the activation of inflammasomes.
  • PKR mediates the release of the proinflammatory cytokine high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1).

Conclusions:

  • PKR plays a critical role in regulating inflammatory immune responses beyond its known functions.
  • PKR and HMGB1 represent promising therapeutic targets for inflammasome-associated inflammatory diseases.