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Related Concept Videos

Cranial Bones: Lateral View01:27

Cranial Bones: Lateral View

The lateral view of the cranium is dominated by temporal, sphenoid, and ethmoid bones.
The temporal bone forms the lower lateral side of the skull. The temporal bone is subdivided into several regions. The flattened upper portion is the squamous portion of the temporal bone. Below this area and projecting anteriorly is the zygomatic process of the temporal bone, which forms the posterior portion of the zygomatic arch. Posteriorly is the mastoid portion of the temporal bone. Projecting...
Nose and Nasal Cavity01:24

Nose and Nasal Cavity

The nose is composed of an observable exterior segment (external nose) and an internal segment within the skull known as the nasal cavity (internal nose). The external nose, visible on the face, consists of a framework of bone and hyaline cartilage enveloped in skin and muscle and lined with a mucous membrane. This structure is supported by the frontal bone, nasal bones, and maxillary bone and is supplemented by a cartilaginous framework comprising the septal nasal cartilage, lateral nasal...
Cranial and Spinal Meninges01:19

Cranial and Spinal Meninges

The cranial and spinal meninges are complex protective structures surrounding the central nervous system (CNS), consisting of the brain and spinal cord. These meninges consist of the dura mater, the arachnoid mater, and the pia mater. They protect the CNS, provide structural support, and aid in circulating cerebrospinal fluid (CSF).
Cranial Meninges
These meningeal layers cover the cranium. The dura mater is the outermost layer of cranial meninges. It is a thick and durable membrane of dense...
Epistaxis01:30

Epistaxis

Epistaxis, or nosebleeds, occurs when small, swollen blood vessels in the nasal mucous membrane rupture. Typically, the anterior septum is the primary site of occurrence.
Etiology
Possible causes of this condition include high blood pressure, trauma, low humidity, upper respiratory tract infections, allergies, foreign bodies, nasal inhalation of corticosteroids or illicit drugs, excessive use of decongestant nasal sprays, facial or nasal surgery, anatomic malformation, tumors, or systemic...
Cranial Bones: Superior and Posterior View01:14

Cranial Bones: Superior and Posterior View

The superior view of the cranium shows the frontal and paired parietal bones.
The frontal bone is the single bone that forms the forehead. At its anterior midline, between the eyebrows, there is a slight depression called the glabella. The frontal bone also forms the supraorbital margin of the orbit. Near the middle of this margin is the supraorbital foramen, the opening that provides passage for a sensory nerve to the forehead. The frontal bone is thickened just above each supraorbital margin,...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 17, 2026

Endoscopic Endonasal Trans-sphenoidal Approach: Minimally Invasive Surgery for Pituitary Adenomas
07:43

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Sphenoid sinus mucocele.

Mohammed Bahgat1, Yassin Bahgat, Ahmed Bahgat

  • 1Department of ENT and head & neck surgery, Alexandria University Hospitals, ENT and Head & Neck Surgery, Alexandria, Egypt. mybahgat18@hotmail.com

BMJ Case Reports
|October 25, 2012
PubMed
Summary

This case study details a 65-year-old woman with persistent headaches caused by bilateral sphenoid sinus mucoceles. Endoscopic surgery successfully relieved her symptoms, highlighting effective management of this rare condition.

Area of Science:

  • Otolaryngology
  • Neurology
  • Radiology

Background:

  • Sphenoid sinus mucoceles are rare cystic expansions of the sinuses, often presenting with vague symptoms.
  • Headaches are a common but non-specific symptom, leading to delayed diagnosis of sphenoid sinus mucoceles.

Observation:

  • A 65-year-old woman presented with a month of deep-seated headaches, initially evaluated by neurology and ophthalmology.
  • CT imaging showed opacification and expansion of bilateral sphenoid sinuses, suggestive of mucoceles.
  • MRI confirmed bilateral sphenoid sinus mucoceles, necessitating further investigation.

Findings:

  • Diagnosis of bilateral sphenoid sinus mucoceles was confirmed.
  • Transnasal endoscopic drainage was performed to manage the mucoceles.

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  • The patient experienced gradual symptom improvement post-procedure.

    • Implications:

    • This case underscores the importance of considering sphenoid sinus mucoceles in the differential diagnosis of persistent headaches.
    • Transnasal endoscopic surgery is an effective minimally invasive treatment for sphenoid sinus mucoceles.
    • Multidisciplinary evaluation involving ENT, neurology, and ophthalmology can optimize patient outcomes.