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Related Concept Videos

Oxidation of Alkenes: Syn Dihydroxylation with Potassium Permanganate02:21

Oxidation of Alkenes: Syn Dihydroxylation with Potassium Permanganate

Alkenes can be dihydroxylated using potassium permanganate. The method encompasses the reaction of an alkene with a cold, dilute solution of potassium permanganate under basic conditions to form a cis-diol along with a brown precipitate of manganese dioxide.
Oxidation of Alkenes: Syn Dihydroxylation with Osmium Tetraoxide02:44

Oxidation of Alkenes: Syn Dihydroxylation with Osmium Tetraoxide

Alkenes are converted to 1,2-diols or glycols through a process called dihydroxylation. It involves the addition of two hydroxyl groups across the double bond with two different stereochemical approaches, namely anti and syn. Dihydroxylation using osmium tetroxide progresses with syn stereochemistry.
Alkynes to Aldehydes and Ketones: Hydroboration-Oxidation02:47

Alkynes to Aldehydes and Ketones: Hydroboration-Oxidation

Introduction
One of the convenient methods for the preparation of aldehydes and ketones is via hydration of alkynes. Hydroboration-oxidation of alkynes is an indirect hydration reaction in which an alkyne is treated with borane followed by oxidation with alkaline peroxide to form an enol that rapidly converts into an aldehyde or a ketone. Terminal alkynes form aldehydes, whereas internal alkynes give ketones as the final product.
Reduction of Alkenes: Catalytic Hydrogenation02:13

Reduction of Alkenes: Catalytic Hydrogenation

Alkenes undergo reduction by the addition of molecular hydrogen to give alkanes. Because the process generally occurs in the presence of a transition-metal catalyst, the reaction is called catalytic hydrogenation.
Metals like palladium, platinum, and nickel are commonly used in their solid forms — fine powder on an inert surface. As these catalysts remain insoluble in the reaction mixture, they are referred to as heterogeneous catalysts.
The hydrogenation process takes place on the surface of...
Oxidation of Alkenes: Anti Dihydroxylation with Peroxy Acids02:04

Oxidation of Alkenes: Anti Dihydroxylation with Peroxy Acids

Diols are compounds with two hydroxyl groups. In addition to syn dihydroxylation, diols can also be synthesized through the process of anti dihydroxylation. The process involves treating an alkene with a peroxycarboxylic acid to form an epoxide. Epoxides are highly strained three-membered rings with oxygen and two carbons occupying the corners of an equilateral triangle. This step is followed by ring-opening of the epoxide in the presence of an aqueous acid to give a trans diol.
Reduction of Alkynes to cis-Alkenes: Catalytic Hydrogenation02:24

Reduction of Alkynes to cis-Alkenes: Catalytic Hydrogenation

Introduction
Like alkenes, alkynes can be reduced to alkanes in the presence of transition metal catalysts such as Pt, Pd, or Ni. The reaction involves two sequential syn additions of hydrogen via a cis-alkene intermediate.

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A hexanuclear mixed-valence oxovanadium(IV,V) complex as a highly efficient alkane oxidation catalyst.

Manas Sutradhar1, Marina V Kirillova, M Fátima C Guedes da Silva

  • 1Centro de Química Estrutural, Complexo I, Instituto Superior Técnico, Technical University of Lisbon, Avenida Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal.

Inorganic Chemistry
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Summary

A novel vanadium complex efficiently catalyzes alkane oxidation using hydrogen peroxide. This highly active catalyst achieves significant product yields and high turnover numbers, advancing oxidation chemistry.

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Area of Science:

  • Inorganic Chemistry
  • Catalysis
  • Oxidation Reactions

Background:

  • Development of efficient catalysts for alkane oxidation is crucial.
  • Hydrogen peroxide is a green oxidant, but its activation requires effective catalysts.
  • Vanadium complexes are known for their catalytic activity in oxidation reactions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To synthesize and characterize a new hexanuclear mixed-valence vanadium complex.
  • To investigate the catalytic activity of the new complex in alkane oxidation using aqueous hydrogen peroxide.
  • To evaluate the efficiency of the catalyst in terms of turnover number and product yield.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesis of the hexanuclear mixed-valence vanadium complex [V(3)O(3)(OEt)(ashz)(2)(μ-OEt)](2) (1).
  • Use of N,O-donor ligand in the complex.
  • Testing the catalytic performance in alkane oxidation with aqueous H(2)O(2).

Main Results:

  • The synthesized complex (1) demonstrated high catalytic efficiency in alkane oxidations.
  • Achieved high turnover numbers (TON) up to 25,000.
  • Obtained product yields up to 27% based on the alkane substrate.

Conclusions:

  • The new hexanuclear mixed-valence vanadium complex is a highly efficient catalyst for alkane oxidation.
  • The catalyst system exhibits one of the most active performances reported for alkane oxidation by H(2)O(2).
  • This finding opens new avenues for developing advanced oxidation catalysts.