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Related Concept Videos

Stem Cell Therapy for Tissue Regeneration01:21

Stem Cell Therapy for Tissue Regeneration

Stem cell therapy is a method used in regenerative medicine to repair and restore function to damaged tissues and organs. Stem cells have the potential to proliferate and differentiate into various tissue types, making them ideal candidates for tissue regeneration. For example, hematopoietic stem cell transplants are commonly used in blood cancer treatment to replenish damaged bone marrow and restore healthy blood cells.
Types of Stem Cells used in Stem Cell Therapy
The two main cell types that...
Stem Cell Culture01:17

Stem Cell Culture

Stem cell research aims to find ways to use stem cells to regenerate and repair cellular damage. Over time, most adult cells undergo the wear and tear of aging and lose their ability to divide and repair themselves. Stem cells do not display a particular morphology or function. Adult stem cells, which exist as a small subset of cells in most tissues, keep dividing and can differentiate into a number of specialized cells generally formed by that tissue. These cells enable the body to renew and...
Bone Marrow Sampling and Transplants01:22

Bone Marrow Sampling and Transplants

Bone marrow transplant is a potential cure for several diseases, including cancer and specific genetic disorders. Notably, this procedure is applicable for patients suffering from aplastic anemia, certain types of leukemia, severe combined immunodeficiency disease (SCID), Hodgkin's disease, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, multiple myeloma, thalassemia, sickle-cell disease, and certain cancers.
The transplant begins with high doses of chemotherapy and radiation treatment, which aim to destroy the...
Tissue Transplantation01:24

Tissue Transplantation

Tissue transplantation is a significant medical procedure involving the transfer of cells, tissues, or organs from a donor to a recipient, with the primary aim of restoring lost functions. This procedure is crucial in treating a broad spectrum of diseases, including kidney diseases, liver failure, heart disease, and certain types of cancers.
The Biology of Tissue Transplantation
The biology of tissue transplantation hinges on the Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) molecules. These molecules...
Embryonic Stem Cells00:58

Embryonic Stem Cells

Embryonic stem (ES) cells are undifferentiated pluripotent cells, meaning they can produce any cell type in the body. This gives them tremendous potential in science and medicine since they can generate specific cell types for use in research or to replace body cells lost due to damage or disease.
Embryonic Stem Cells00:57

Embryonic Stem Cells

Embryonic stem (ES) cells were first discovered in mice in 1981 by Martin Evans. In 1998, James Thomson identified a method to isolate embryonic stem cells from humans. Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) are obtained from 3-5 day old embryos that remain unused after an in vitro fertilization procedure.
ES cells are grown in a culture medium where they can divide indefinitely, creating ES cell lines. Under certain conditions, ES cells can differentiate, either spontaneously into a variety of...

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Cell transplantation: stem cells and precursor cells.

Qilin Cao1, Scott R Whittemore

  • 1Department of Neurosurgery, University of Texas Medical School, Houston, TX, USA.

Handbook of Clinical Neurology
|October 27, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Stem cell therapy for spinal cord injury (SCI) explores neuron and oligodendrocyte replacement, and promoting axonal regeneration. Remyelination shows promise, but optimal cell types and clinical translation remain challenging.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Regenerative Medicine
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Spinal cord injury (SCI) presents significant therapeutic challenges.
  • Stem cells offer potential for repairing neural damage through various strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review stem cell-based therapeutic strategies for spinal cord injury (SCI).
  • To evaluate the efficacy and challenges of different stem cell approaches in preclinical models.
  • To discuss the translation of stem cell research to clinical applications.

Main Methods:

  • Review of preclinical data on stem cell transplantation for SCI.
  • Analysis of four distinct therapeutic repair strategies: neuronal replacement, oligodendrocyte replacement, axonal regeneration support, and host repair.
  • Examination of cell differentiation, lineage restriction, and immune modulation.

Main Results:

  • Remyelination via stem cell replacement is the most successful strategy to date.
  • Preclinical data is often contradictory, with no consensus on optimal stem cell types for specific injuries.
  • Achieving optimal neuronal and oligodendrocyte differentiation may require complex genetic or pharmacological modifications, hindering clinical application.

Conclusions:

  • Stem cells can promote spinal cord repair through cell replacement and by modulating the host immune response.
  • Further research is needed to define mechanisms of action for successful clinical translation of stem cell therapies for SCI.
  • Optimizing stem cell differentiation and overcoming clinical application hurdles are critical for advancing SCI treatment.