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Related Concept Videos

Circadian Rhythms and Gene Regulation02:19

Circadian Rhythms and Gene Regulation

The biological clock is involved in many aspects of regulating complex physiology in all animals. It was in 1935 when German zoologists, Hans Kalmus and Erwin Bünning, discovered the existence of circadian rhythm in Drosophila melanogaster. However, the internal molecular mechanisms behind the circadian clock remained a mystery until 1984, when Jeffrey C. Hall, Michael Rosbash, and Michael W. Young discovered the expression of the Per gene oscillating over a 24-hour cycle. In subsequent years,...
Circadian Rhythms and Gene Regulation02:19

Circadian Rhythms and Gene Regulation

The biological clock is involved in many aspects of regulating complex physiology in all animals. It was in 1935 when German zoologists, Hans Kalmus and Erwin Bünning, discovered the existence of circadian rhythm in Drosophila melanogaster. However, the internal molecular mechanisms behind the circadian clock remained a mystery until 1984, when Jeffrey C. Hall, Michael Rosbash, and Michael W. Young discovered the expression of the Per gene oscillating over a 24-hour cycle. In subsequent years,...
Biological Clocks and Seasonal Responses02:45

Biological Clocks and Seasonal Responses

The circadian—or biological—clock is an intrinsic, timekeeping, molecular mechanism that allows plants to coordinate physiological activities over 24-hour cycles called circadian rhythms. Photoperiodism is a collective term for the biological responses of plants to variations in the relative lengths of dark and light periods. The period of light-exposure is called the photoperiod.
Chronopharmacokinetics: Circadian Rhythms and Influence on Drug Response01:15

Chronopharmacokinetics: Circadian Rhythms and Influence on Drug Response

Circadian rhythms are cyclic changes that are crucial in plasma drug concentrations. Various standard circadian parameters, including core body temperature, heart rate, and other cardiovascular factors, directly impact disease states and the therapeutic response to drug therapy.
The time of drug administration is an important factor to consider, as it can influence the toxic dose of a drug. For example, a study conducted by Prins et al. in 1997 examined the effects of the timing of...
Sleep-Wake Cycles01:24

Sleep-Wake Cycles

Sleep is an essential physiological process vital to maintaining overall well-being. The reticular activating system (RAS), a network of neurons in the brainstem, regulates wakefulness and sleep. While it may seem passive, sleep consists of distinct cycles, each with its unique characteristics and functions. Two key sleep phases are non-rapid eye movement (NREM) and  rapid eye movement (REM).
NREM Sleep
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Oscillations In An LC Circuit01:30

Oscillations In An LC Circuit

An idealized LC circuit of zero resistance can oscillate without any source of emf by shifting the energy stored in the circuit between the electric and magnetic fields. In such an LC circuit, if the capacitor contains a charge q before the switch is closed, then all the energy of the circuit is initially stored in the electric field of the capacitor. This energy is given by

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Updated: May 17, 2026

Parallel Measurement of Circadian Clock Gene Expression and Hormone Secretion in Human Primary Cell Cultures
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Parallel Measurement of Circadian Clock Gene Expression and Hormone Secretion in Human Primary Cell Cultures

Published on: November 11, 2016

The clock shop: coupled circadian oscillators.

Daniel Granados-Fuentes1, Erik D Herzog

  • 1Department of Biology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA.

Experimental Neurology
|October 27, 2012
PubMed
Summary

Daily rhythms are driven by neural activity in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN). This review explores how intracellular and intercellular signals within the SCN synchronize cells to maintain circadian rhythms.

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Chronobiology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Circadian rhythms govern daily physiological and behavioral cycles.
  • The mammalian suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) is the master circadian clock.
  • SCN neurons possess intrinsic 24-hour timekeeping abilities and synchronize to environmental cues.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the critical roles of neuropeptides in SCN synchrony.
  • To highlight intracellular and intercellular signaling mechanisms within the SCN.
  • To explain how these signals sustain coordinated daily rhythms.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent studies on SCN signaling.
  • Analysis of neuropeptide functions in circadian timekeeping.
  • Synthesis of data on intracellular and intercellular communication in the SCN.

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Monitoring Cell-autonomous Circadian Clock Rhythms of Gene Expression Using Luciferase Bioluminescence Reporters
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Manipulation of Rhythmic Food Intake in Mice Using a Custom-Made Feeding System
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Manipulation of Rhythmic Food Intake in Mice Using a Custom-Made Feeding System

Published on: December 16, 2022

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Last Updated: May 17, 2026

Parallel Measurement of Circadian Clock Gene Expression and Hormone Secretion in Human Primary Cell Cultures
06:53

Parallel Measurement of Circadian Clock Gene Expression and Hormone Secretion in Human Primary Cell Cultures

Published on: November 11, 2016

Monitoring Cell-autonomous Circadian Clock Rhythms of Gene Expression Using Luciferase Bioluminescence Reporters
10:38

Monitoring Cell-autonomous Circadian Clock Rhythms of Gene Expression Using Luciferase Bioluminescence Reporters

Published on: September 27, 2012

Manipulation of Rhythmic Food Intake in Mice Using a Custom-Made Feeding System
07:34

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Main Results:

  • Specific neuropeptides are essential for SCN cell synchronization.
  • Intracellular signaling pathways regulate individual neuron timing.
  • Intercellular communication ensures network-level rhythm coherence.

Conclusions:

  • Neuropeptides and signaling pathways are crucial for maintaining SCN synchrony.
  • Understanding these signals is key to comprehending circadian rhythm regulation.
  • Disruptions in SCN synchrony may underlie circadian rhythm disorders.