Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Clinical Significance of Antibiotic Resistance01:25

Clinical Significance of Antibiotic Resistance

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) presents a critical public health threat, arising from its capacity to resist β-lactam antibiotics due to acquisition of the mecA gene within the staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec). This gene encodes penicillin-binding protein 2a (PBP2a), which impairs binding efficacy of methicillin and other β-lactams. MRSA has evolved into distinct clonal lineages impacting humans and animals alike, reinforcing its significance within the One...
Bacterial Gastroenteritis01:18

Bacterial Gastroenteritis

Bacterial gastroenteritis, characterized by diarrhea, abdominal cramps, and vomiting, is often caused by ingestion of contaminated food or water and is frequently associated with pathogenic Escherichia coli strains. These microbes exploit two principal mechanisms to inflict disease.Shiga toxin–producing E. coli, also referred to as STEC—notably O157:H7—release Shiga toxins that target ribosomes, blocking protein synthesis. The B subunit of the toxin binds the host glycolipid receptor...
Healthcare Associated Infections II: Preventive Measures01:22

Healthcare Associated Infections II: Preventive Measures

Essential infection prevention measures are based on the knowledge of the infection chain, the modes of transmission in healthcare settings, and the use of the best practices in all healthcare settings. Compulsory public reporting of healthcare-associated infection rates is needed to allow individuals and the community to make informed choices regarding selecting a healthcare facility.
The best practices for preventing healthcare-associated infections include hand hygiene, patient risk...
Healthcare Associated Infections I: Iatrogenic, Exogenic and Endogenic01:26

Healthcare Associated Infections I: Iatrogenic, Exogenic and Endogenic

Healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) occur in a healthcare facility while a person receives care for another ailment. This category also includes work-related infections among healthcare staff.
HAIs significantly increase the cost of health care. Extended stays in healthcare institutions, increased disability, increased costs of medications, including specialized antibiotics, and prolonged recovery times add to the patient's expenses and the healthcare institution and funding bodies. Common...
Inflammatory Bowel Disease III: Crohn's Disease01:25

Inflammatory Bowel Disease III: Crohn's Disease

Crohn’s disease is a chronic, relapsing form of inflammatory bowel disease characterized by segmental, transmural inflammation that can affect any part of the gastrointestinal tract. Its pathogenesis arises from a combination of genetic susceptibility, environmental exposures, epithelial barrier dysfunction, and immune dysregulation. Together, these factors lead to an exaggerated immune response against components of the gut microbiome.Genetic and Environmental InfluencesMultiple genetic...
Inflammatory Bowel Disease I: Introduction01:26

Inflammatory Bowel Disease I: Introduction

Inflammatory bowel disease is a group of chronic disorders marked by recurrent inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract due to an abnormal immune response against gut microflora. This leads to tissue damage. The two main forms are Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis.Crohn’s DiseaseCrohn’s disease is a relapsing inflammatory disorder that can affect any part of the GI tract, from the mouth to the anus. It involves all layers of the bowel wall (transmural) and shows “skip lesions” in which...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Hemoglobin in the brain frontal lobe tissue of patients with Alzheimer's disease is susceptible to reactive nitrogen species-mediated oxidative damage.

Redox biology·2025
Same author

The association between dysglycaemia and exercise capacity in cystic fibrosis.

Respiratory medicine·2025
Same author

Backyard running: Pushing the boundaries of human performance.

European journal of sport science·2024
Same author

Tritium Beta Spectrum Measurement and Neutrino Mass Limit from Cyclotron Radiation Emission Spectroscopy.

Physical review letters·2023
Same author

A novel protocol to induce mental fatigue.

Behavior research methods·2023
Same author

Body mass index and nutritional intake following Elexacaftor/Tezacaftor/Ivacaftor modulator therapy in adults with cystic fibrosis.

Journal of cystic fibrosis : official journal of the European Cystic Fibrosis Society·2023
Same journal

Age-associated impairment of humoral and cellular immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 in a large community cohort with hybrid immunity.

The Journal of infection·2026
Same journal

Genomic characterization of a large-scale chikungunya outbreak in China.

The Journal of infection·2026
Same journal

Convergent neutralizing antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 variants over 2.5 years after BA.5/BF.7 breakthrough infection.

The Journal of infection·2026
Same journal

Multi-strain Clostridioides difficile infection: Increased detection and clinical implications.

The Journal of infection·2026
Same journal

A randomised comparison of management strategies for drug-induced liver injury associated with tuberculous meningitis treatment.

The Journal of infection·2026
Same journal

Defining the threshold duration of candidemia associated with poor outcomes: Redefining persistent candidemia.

The Journal of infection·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 17, 2026

Cefoperazone-treated Mouse Model of Clinically-relevant Clostridium difficile Strain R20291
06:51

Cefoperazone-treated Mouse Model of Clinically-relevant Clostridium difficile Strain R20291

Published on: December 10, 2016

Clostridium difficile: a European perspective.

A M Jones1, E J Kuijper, M H Wilcox

  • 1MSC Ltd, Old Malton YO17 7HD, North Yorkshire, UK. annie.jones@magussc.com

The Journal of Infection
|October 30, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) causes significant diarrhea globally. Emerging hypervirulent strains and community-acquired cases highlight evolving epidemiology and the need for better surveillance and research.

More Related Videos

A Protocol to Characterize the Morphological Changes of Clostridium difficile in Response to Antibiotic Treatment
12:58

A Protocol to Characterize the Morphological Changes of Clostridium difficile in Response to Antibiotic Treatment

Published on: May 25, 2017

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 17, 2026

Cefoperazone-treated Mouse Model of Clinically-relevant Clostridium difficile Strain R20291
06:51

Cefoperazone-treated Mouse Model of Clinically-relevant Clostridium difficile Strain R20291

Published on: December 10, 2016

A Protocol to Characterize the Morphological Changes of Clostridium difficile in Response to Antibiotic Treatment
12:58

A Protocol to Characterize the Morphological Changes of Clostridium difficile in Response to Antibiotic Treatment

Published on: May 25, 2017

Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) is a major cause of infectious diarrhea worldwide.
  • First identified in 1935, ongoing research continues to expand knowledge on its population structure, toxins, and PCR ribotypes.

Observation:

  • New PCR ribotypes and sequence types are frequently identified.
  • Hypervirulent strains have emerged in the last decade, linked to increased disease severity, recurrence, and mortality.
  • Community-acquired CDI cases have risen since the 1990s, shifting from primarily healthcare-associated infections.

Findings:

  • Key risk factors for CDI include hospitalization, advanced age, and prior antibiotic use.
  • Environmental reservoirs and asymptomatic intestinal colonization are potential sources for infection.
  • Surveillance in Europe is mandated but lacks standardization and mandatory reporting.

Implications:

  • Understanding the changing epidemiology of CDI is crucial for effective control.
  • Standardized surveillance and further research are needed to address the increasing burden of CDI.
  • Improved diagnostic and treatment guidelines are essential for managing this significant public health threat.