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Related Concept Videos

Methods of Nuclear Reprogramming01:24

Methods of Nuclear Reprogramming

Nuclear reprogramming is a process of transforming one cell type into an unrelated cell type by epigenetic changes that alter the cell’s original gene expression pattern. Such epigenetic changes force cells to express a different set of genes, which play a significant role in inducing transformation into other cell types. Nuclear reprogramming offers applications in reproductive cloning for livestock propagation and regenerative medicine — developing patient-specific cells for injury repair.
Introduction to Nuclear Reprogramming01:14

Introduction to Nuclear Reprogramming

Nuclear reprogramming is the process of switching gene expression of one cell type to that of another cell type, usually from a differentiated cell state to an undifferentiated cell state. Differentiation occurs during processes such as development and morphogenesis, tissue regeneration, and malignancy. Cells can also be artificially induced to reprogram their gene expression by techniques such as nuclear transfer, induced pluripotency, and cell fusion. Such techniques have many applications in...
Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells01:13

Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that divide and produce different types of cells. Ordinarily, cells that have differentiated into a specific cell type are post-mitotic—that is, they no longer divide. However, scientists have found a way to reprogram these mature cells so that they “de-differentiate” and return to an unspecialized, proliferative state. These cells are also pluripotent like embryonic stem cells—able to produce all cell types—and are therefore called induced pluripotent stem...
Embryonic Stem Cells00:57

Embryonic Stem Cells

Embryonic stem (ES) cells were first discovered in mice in 1981 by Martin Evans. In 1998, James Thomson identified a method to isolate embryonic stem cells from humans. Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) are obtained from 3-5 day old embryos that remain unused after an in vitro fertilization procedure.
ES cells are grown in a culture medium where they can divide indefinitely, creating ES cell lines. Under certain conditions, ES cells can differentiate, either spontaneously into a variety of...
Somatic to iPS Cell Reprogramming01:29

Somatic to iPS Cell Reprogramming

Reprogramming alters the gene expression in somatic cells, transforming them into induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells over several generations. Scientists can reprogram cells by introducing genes for four transcription factors—Oct4, Sox2, Klf4, and c-Myc (OSKM) by viral or non-viral methods. These factors are also known as Yamanaka factors after Shinya Yamanaka, who first generated iPS cells using mouse skin cells. Yamanaka was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 2012 for this...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 17, 2026

Isolation and Culture Expansion of Tumor-specific Endothelial Cells
10:15

Isolation and Culture Expansion of Tumor-specific Endothelial Cells

Published on: October 14, 2015

Endothelial cells derived from nuclear reprogramming.

Wing Tak Wong1, Ngan F Huang, Crystal M Botham

  • 1Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.

Circulation Research
|October 30, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Generating endothelial cells (ECs) from stem cells offers new ways to study vascular health and disease. These patient-specific ECs enable research into genetic effects and potential vascular therapies.

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Directed Differentiation of Hemogenic Endothelial Cells from Human Pluripotent Stem Cells
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Directed Differentiation of Hemogenic Endothelial Cells from Human Pluripotent Stem Cells

Published on: March 31, 2021

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Last Updated: May 17, 2026

Isolation and Culture Expansion of Tumor-specific Endothelial Cells
10:15

Isolation and Culture Expansion of Tumor-specific Endothelial Cells

Published on: October 14, 2015

Directed Differentiation of Hemogenic Endothelial Cells from Human Pluripotent Stem Cells
04:23

Directed Differentiation of Hemogenic Endothelial Cells from Human Pluripotent Stem Cells

Published on: March 31, 2021

Area of Science:

  • Vascular Biology
  • Stem Cell Research
  • Regenerative Medicine

Background:

  • The endothelium is crucial for vascular homeostasis, regulating vascular tone and blood interactions.
  • Endothelial dysfunction is an early indicator of diseases like atherosclerosis.
  • Studying human endothelial cells in vivo or ex vivo presents significant limitations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review methods for generating endothelial cells (ECs) from pluripotent stem cells.
  • To discuss the characterization of these ECs through various studies.
  • To explore the translational applications of stem cell-derived ECs in vascular research and therapy.

Main Methods:

  • Derivation of endothelial cells (ECs) from pluripotent stem cells.
  • Expansion and differentiation of stem cells into ECs for in vitro studies.
  • Utilizing molecular imaging constructs for in vivo cell tracking.
  • Generating patient-specific ECs to investigate genetic and epigenetic influences.

Main Results:

  • Stem cell-derived ECs provide a valuable model for studying endothelial function and dysfunction.
  • Characterization includes genetic, histological, and functional assessments.
  • Patient-specific ECs allow for personalized disease modeling and therapeutic development.

Conclusions:

  • Stem cell technology has significantly advanced the study of human endothelial cells.
  • These methods offer opportunities for understanding disease mechanisms and developing novel vascular therapies.
  • The generation and application of stem cell-derived ECs hold great promise for translational medicine.