Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Antigens Involved in Adaptive Immunity01:26

Antigens Involved in Adaptive Immunity

An antigen is any substance the immune system identifies as foreign and potentially harmful to the body, prompting an immune response. Antigens have two functional properties: immunogenicity and reactivity. Immunogenicity is the ability of an antigen to stimulate a specific immune response. At the same time, reactivity describes the antigen's ability to react with the cells and antibodies produced in response to it.
Complete Antigens
Complete antigens possess both immunogenicity and reactivity.
Autoimmune Disorders01:29

Autoimmune Disorders

Autoimmune diseases are a group of disorders in which the body's immune system mistakenly attacks its own cells, tissues, and organs. This results from an overactive immune response against substances and tissues normally present in the body. Let's delve into the concept and mechanism of autoimmune diseases from an immune system point of view, explore different causes and examples of such diseases, and discuss potential solutions.
Concept and Mechanism of Autoimmune Diseases
The immune system...
Cross-reactivity00:42

Cross-reactivity

Overview
What is the Immune System?01:38

What is the Immune System?

Overview
Special Features of Adaptive Immunity01:20

Special Features of Adaptive Immunity

The adaptive immune system, a crucial component of the overall immune response, offers a highly specialized defense against pathogens. It involves specific cell types and features, enabling it to combat infections effectively and efficiently.
The primary cell types involved in adaptive immunity are T cells and B cells. Each type has a unique role in defending the body against pathogens. T cells are responsible for cell-mediated immunity. They identify and eliminate infected cells directly,...
Cell-mediated Immune Responses01:40

Cell-mediated Immune Responses

Overview

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Structure of Complex Liquid-Liquid Extraction Organic Phases for Rare Earth Separations.

Langmuir : the ACS journal of surfaces and colloids·2026
Same author

Effects of emotional spillover and exposure to interparental psychological aggression on momentary physiological linkage during naturalistic couple conflicts.

Biological psychology·2026
Same author

Motor imagery and self-recognition from actions.

NeuroImage·2025
Same author

Extracted Water Induces Concentration Fluctuations in Model Ternary Liquid-Liquid Extraction System.

The journal of physical chemistry. B·2025
Same author

Excipient Lung Disease and Fatal Outcome Among Young Adults: A Case Series on the Hidden Dangers of Intravenous Drug Abuse in India.

Annals of African medicine·2025
Same author

Initiation of H1-T6SS dueling between <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i>.

mBio·2024
Same journal

Neuroprotective Efficacy of Silymarin against Oxidative Stress, Inflammation, and Structural Changes Mediated by Arsenic-induced Toxicity in Rats.

Indian journal of clinical biochemistry : IJCB·2026
Same journal

Validation of New Micro-spectrophotometric Method to Determine Diamine Oxidase Activity in Serum.

Indian journal of clinical biochemistry : IJCB·2026
Same journal

Attitudes of Algorithms: An Exploration of the Ethics of CRISPR Cas9 through the Lens of ChatGPT.

Indian journal of clinical biochemistry : IJCB·2026
Same journal

Pharmacometabolomic Modulation of Biomarkers and Analytical Challenges in GLP-1 Receptor Agonist Therapy.

Indian journal of clinical biochemistry : IJCB·2026
Same journal

Zerumbone Induces Apoptosis and Inhibits Migration of A2058 Melanoma stem-like Cells by Producing Reactive Oxygen Species, Causing G2/M Cell Cycle Arrest, and Controlling the Expression of Genes Linked to Metastasis.

Indian journal of clinical biochemistry : IJCB·2026
Same journal

Elevated Oxidized LDL Level is Associated with Systematic Coronary Risk Evaluation (SCORE2) High-Risk Prediction Algorithm: A Preliminary Study.

Indian journal of clinical biochemistry : IJCB·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 17, 2026

Antibody Transfection into Neurons as a Tool to Study Disease Pathogenesis
06:56

Antibody Transfection into Neurons as a Tool to Study Disease Pathogenesis

Published on: September 26, 2012

Molecular mimicry: Basis for autoimmunity.

S Narayanan1

  • 1Department of Pathology, New York Medical College-Metropolitan Hospital Center, 10029 New York, New York.

Indian Journal of Clinical Biochemistry : IJCB
|October 30, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Viral molecular mimicry can cause autoimmune diseases like Type I diabetes. Understanding viral mimicry of glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) in pancreatic beta cells is key to preventing and suppressing this condition.

Keywords:
GAD 65 epitopeIDDMMolecular mimicryTh1 versus Th2-cell subset responsebystander activationcoxsackie virus

More Related Videos

Generation of Two-color Antigen Microarrays for the Simultaneous Detection of IgG and IgM Autoantibodies
10:16

Generation of Two-color Antigen Microarrays for the Simultaneous Detection of IgG and IgM Autoantibodies

Published on: September 15, 2016

Interrogating Individual Autoreactive Germinal Centers by Photoactivation in a Mixed Chimeric Model of Autoimmunity
11:12

Interrogating Individual Autoreactive Germinal Centers by Photoactivation in a Mixed Chimeric Model of Autoimmunity

Published on: April 11, 2019

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 17, 2026

Antibody Transfection into Neurons as a Tool to Study Disease Pathogenesis
06:56

Antibody Transfection into Neurons as a Tool to Study Disease Pathogenesis

Published on: September 26, 2012

Generation of Two-color Antigen Microarrays for the Simultaneous Detection of IgG and IgM Autoantibodies
10:16

Generation of Two-color Antigen Microarrays for the Simultaneous Detection of IgG and IgM Autoantibodies

Published on: September 15, 2016

Interrogating Individual Autoreactive Germinal Centers by Photoactivation in a Mixed Chimeric Model of Autoimmunity
11:12

Interrogating Individual Autoreactive Germinal Centers by Photoactivation in a Mixed Chimeric Model of Autoimmunity

Published on: April 11, 2019

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Virology
  • Endocrinology

Background:

  • Autoimmune diseases can arise from molecular mimicry, where viral proteins structurally resemble self-components, triggering an immune response.
  • Alternatively, viral infections can induce bystander activation, leading T cells to attack self-antigens.
  • Several viruses share amino acid sequences with self-proteins, increasing the risk of autoimmune reactions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the structural mimicry between viral proteins and self-antigens.
  • To understand the role of molecular mimicry in the development of Type I insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM).
  • To identify specific epitopes in glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) targeted in autoimmune attacks.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of viral protein sequences for structural similarity to self-components.
  • Study of the interaction between coxsackie virus and glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD).
  • Identification of GAD epitopes susceptible to autoimmune attack.

Main Results:

  • Structural mimicry of coxsackie virus to GAD has been identified as a key factor in IDDM.
  • This mimicry leads to the destruction of pancreatic beta cells, which produce insulin.
  • Specific GAD epitopes involved in the autoimmune response were characterized.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding the molecular mimicry between viruses and GAD is crucial for IDDM pathogenesis.
  • Knowledge of susceptible GAD epitopes can guide the development of therapeutic strategies.
  • Targeting these epitopes may offer new avenues for preventing and suppressing Type I diabetes.