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Physiology of Smell and Olfactory Pathway

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Humans detect odors with the help of specialized cells located in the upper part of the nasal cavity, called olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs). ORNs possess hair-like structures called cilia, which are receptive to sensations from the inhaled air. When an odorant molecule binds to a specific receptor on the cell of the cilia, it leads to a series of events that ultimately cause the ORN to send electrical signals to the olfactory bulb in the brain through the olfactory nerves.
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Evolving a neural olfactorimotor system in virtual and real olfactory environments.

Paul A Rhodes¹, Todd O Anderson

¹Evolved Machines, Inc. Mountain View, CA, USA.

Frontiers in Neuroengineering

|November 1, 2012

Summary

Researchers created a virtual reality platform to study simulated olfactory circuits and robotic odor localization. This system enables advanced testing of olfactory theories and develops robots for real-world scent detection.

Keywords:

computational fluid dynamics odor sensor olfactory robotics simulation virtual world

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Area of Science:

Robotics and Artificial Intelligence
Computational Neuroscience
Sensory Systems Engineering

Background:

Studying olfactory circuitry requires integrated systems for simulation and real-world interaction.
Current platforms lack comprehensive simulation of olfactory environments and robotic control.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop an integrated platform for studying simulated olfactory circuitry within a virtual environment.
To enable robotic agents to explore simulated odor plumes and test olfactorimotor control strategies.

Main Methods:

Integration of a simulated neural olfactorimotor system with a virtual world featuring computational fluid dynamics.
Development of a robotic agent capable of exploring simulated odor plumes with continuous interaction.
Utilizing artificial evolution driven by olfactorimotor performance for parameter optimization.
Employing a hybrid model combining physical robots with simulated environments.

Main Results:

Successful integration of novel components for a unified olfactorimotor simulation and exploration system.
Demonstration of a simulated agent controlled by a neural olfactorimotor system interacting with virtual plumes.
Establishment of a framework for evolving olfactorimotor control strategies through performance metrics.

Conclusions:

The developed platform provides a novel environment for testing olfactory circuit theories and improving odor source localization.
Ongoing work aims to engineer electronic olfactory sensors for real-world robotic applications based on virtual evolution.
This research bridges virtual simulation and physical robotics for advanced olfactory system development.