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Global routine vaccination coverage, 2011
Insights
Global immunization efforts have increased vaccine access, but many children remain unvaccinated. Strengthening routine immunization services is crucial to reduce child mortality and achieve global health goals.
Area of Science:
- Public Health
- Epidemiology
- Global Health Policy
Background:
- The World Health Organization's Expanded Programme on Immunization (EPI), established in 1974, aimed to provide routine vaccines to all children.
- Despite progress, significant vaccination gaps persisted, particularly in low-income countries, with one-fifth of children not fully vaccinated in their first year.
- The Global Immunization Vision and Strategy (GIVS), launched in 2005, sought to enhance national immunization programs and reduce vaccine-preventable diseases.
Purpose of the Study:
- To summarize global routine vaccination coverage for the year 2011.
- To assess progress towards achieving sustained national DTP3 coverage of 90% in all countries.
- To identify key countries with a high burden of incompletely vaccinated children.
Main Methods:
- Analysis of global routine vaccination coverage data for 2011.
- Assessment of the proportion of infants receiving at least 3 doses of diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis vaccine (DTP3).
- Identification of countries with the highest number of children not receiving DTP3.
Main Results:
- An estimated 83% of infants worldwide received DTP3 in 2011, a slight increase from previous years.
- 130 out of 194 WHO member states (67%) achieved the goal of 90% national DTP3 coverage.
- Over half of incompletely vaccinated children resided in India (32%), Nigeria (14%), and Indonesia (7%).
Conclusions:
- Global routine vaccination coverage shows incremental progress but falls short of universal access goals.
- Concentrated efforts are needed in specific high-burden countries to address vaccination deficits.
- Strengthening routine immunization services is a critical priority for reducing under-five mortality and achieving the Millennium Development Goals.
Abstract:
In 1974, the World Health Organization (WHO) established the Expanded Programme on Immunization (EPI) to ensure all children had access to routinely recommended vaccines. Initially, those vaccines were limited to bacille Calmette-Guérin vaccine (BCG), diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis vaccine (DTP), oral poliovirus vaccine, and measles-containing vaccine (MCV). Global coverage with the third dose of DTP (DTP3) increased from <5% in 1974 to 79% by 2005. However, one fifth of the world's children, especially those in low-income countries, still were not fully vaccinated during the first year of life with the four traditional EPI vaccines. In 2005, WHO and the United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF) developed the Global Immunization Vision and Strategy (GIVS) to improve national immunization programs and decrease vaccine-preventable disease-associated morbidity and mortality. A goal was to reach a sustained national DTP3 coverage of 90% in all countries. This report summarizes global routine vaccination coverage during 2011. An estimated 83% of infants worldwide received at least 3 doses of DTP in 2011, similar to coverage in 2009 (82%) and 2010 (85%). Among 194 WHO member states, 130 (67%) achieved ≥ 90% national DTP3 coverage. More than half of all incompletely vaccinated children (i.e., those who did not receive DTP3) lived in one of three countries: India (32%), Nigeria (14%), and Indonesia (7%). Strengthening routine immunization services, especially in countries with the greatest number of undervaccinated children, should be a global priority to help achieve the fourth Millennium Development Goal of reducing mortality among children aged <5 years by two thirds from 1990 to 2015.
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