Related Experiment Video
Updated: May 17, 2026

Infrared Degenerate Four-wave Mixing with Upconversion Detection for Quantitative Gas Sensing
Published on: March 22, 2019
Part-per-trillion level SF6 detection using a quartz enhanced photoacoustic spectroscopy-based sensor with
Vincenzo Spagnolo1, Pietro Patimisco, Simone Borri
1Dipartimento Interateneo di Fisica, University and Politecnico of Bari, CNR-IFN UOS BARI, Bari, Italy. spagnolo@fisica.uniba.it
Abstract:
A sensitive spectroscopic sensor based on a hollow-core fiber-coupled quantum cascade laser (QCL) emitting at 10.54 μm and quartz enhanced photoacoustic spectroscopy (QEPAS) technique is reported. The design and realization of mid-IR fiber and coupler optics has ensured single-mode QCL beam delivery to the QEPAS sensor. The collimation optics was designed to produce a laser beam of significantly reduced beam size and waist so as to prevent illumination of the quartz tuning fork and microresonator tubes. SF(6) was selected as the target gas. A minimum detection sensitivity of 50 parts per trillion in 1 s was achieved with a QCL power of 18 mW, corresponding to a normalized noise-equivalent absorption of 2.7×10(-10) W·cm(-1)/Hz(1/2).
Related Concept Videos
Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Instrumentation
There are three main types of inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES) instruments: sequential, simultaneous multichannel, and Fourier transform instruments, with the latter being less commonly used.
Gas Chromatography: Types of Detectors-II
Atomic Fluorescence Spectroscopy
Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Instrumentation

