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Related Concept Videos

Encephalitis l: Introduction01:19

Encephalitis l: Introduction

Encephalitis is inflammation of the brain parenchyma, most often due to infections or autoimmune processes. It presents with neuropsychiatric features such as fever, altered mental status, behavioral changes, cognitive dysfunction, seizures, focal deficits, and sometimes autonomic instability. In some cases, the meninges are also involved, resulting in meningoencephalitis.Infectious CausesInfectious encephalitis is most commonly viral but can also result from bacterial, fungal, or parasitic...
Encephalitis ll: Pathophysiology01:26

Encephalitis ll: Pathophysiology

Encephalitis is inflammation of the brain parenchyma caused by direct viral invasion or immune-mediated mechanisms triggered by infections or tumors. Both processes lead to neuronal injury, disrupted neurotransmission, and diverse neurological symptoms, often with overlapping clinical and pathological features.Autoimmune EncephalitisIn autoimmune encephalitis, antibodies target neuronal antigens on cell surfaces, synapses, or within neurons. A key example is anti-NMDAR encephalitis, which can...
Viral Meningitis01:18

Viral Meningitis

Viral meningitis is the most common form of meningitis and is often referred to as aseptic meningitis to indicate the absence of bacterial involvement. It is generally milder than bacterial meningitis, with symptoms including fever, headache, stiff neck, drowsiness, nausea, photophobia, and vomiting. Rarely, more severe manifestations or death may occur. Common causative agents include enteroviruses, particularly coxsackie A and B viruses and echoviruses, all members of the Enterovirus genus...
Arboviral Encephalitis01:25

Arboviral Encephalitis

Arboviral encephalitis refers to brain inflammation caused by arthropod-borne viruses, particularly those transmitted through mosquito vectors. Among these, West Nile virus (WNV), a member of the Flaviviridae family, is a significant public health concern. WNV is an enveloped, positive-sense, single-stranded RNA virus. Human infection typically begins when an infected mosquito introduces the virus into the dermis during feeding. The primary transmission cycle involves birds as amplifying hosts...
Cytomegalovirus Disease01:27

Cytomegalovirus Disease

Cytomegalovirus (CMV) disease is caused by human cytomegalovirus, a double-stranded DNA virus of the Herpesviridae family. While primary CMV infection is often asymptomatic in immunocompetent individuals, the virus can cause severe disease in neonates and immunocompromised patients. CMV is the most common cause of congenital viral infection in the United States, and a major pathogen in solid organ and hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients.CMV is transmitted via bodily fluids, sexual...
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Diphtheria

Diphtheria is an acute, toxin-mediated infectious disease that primarily affects the upper respiratory tract. It is caused by Corynebacterium diphtheriae, a Gram-positive, pleomorphic rod that lacks spore-forming capability and exhibits a characteristic club-shaped morphology under microscopic examination. While C. diphtheriae can asymptomatically colonize mucosal surfaces, clinical disease manifests only when the bacterial strain is lysogenized by a specific β-corynephage. This phage...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 17, 2026

A Primary Neuron Culture System for the Study of Herpes Simplex Virus Latency and Reactivation
12:22

A Primary Neuron Culture System for the Study of Herpes Simplex Virus Latency and Reactivation

Published on: April 2, 2012

Bell's Palsy - herpes simplex virus type-1 a possible causative agent.

A Chakravarti1, V N Chaturvedi, V Bhide

  • 1Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University College of Medical Sciences & G.T.B. Hospital, 110 095 Delhi.

Indian Journal of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery : Official Publication of the Association of Otolaryngologists of India
|November 3, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 (HSV-1) was investigated in Bell

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 17, 2026

A Primary Neuron Culture System for the Study of Herpes Simplex Virus Latency and Reactivation
12:22

A Primary Neuron Culture System for the Study of Herpes Simplex Virus Latency and Reactivation

Published on: April 2, 2012

Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Virology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Bell's palsy is an idiopathic facial nerve paralysis.
  • Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 (HSV-1) is a suspected etiological agent.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the role of HSV-1 in Bell's palsy.
  • To correlate clinical findings with serological evidence of HSV-1 infection.

Main Methods:

  • A series of 41 Bell's palsy patients were studied over two years.
  • Clinical symptomatology and serologic findings (antibody titers) were assessed.
  • Acute and convalescent sera were analyzed for HSV-1 antibody titers.

Main Results:

  • A four-fold rise in HSV-1 antibody titer (suggesting primary infection) was observed in 21.9% of cases.
  • Elevated or rising HSV-1 antibody titers (suggesting reactivation/recurrent infection) were found in 29.2% of cases.
  • A significant proportion (48.9%) had negative antibody titers; no seasonal clustering was noted.

Conclusions:

  • HSV-1 infection (primary or recurrent) is implicated in a subset of Bell's palsy cases.
  • No correlation was found between facial nerve function recovery and HSV-1 antibody titers.