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Related Concept Videos

The Thyroid Gland01:23

The Thyroid Gland

The thyroid gland is a small, butterfly-shaped gland located in the neck and covers the anterior surface of the trachea. The gland has two lateral lobes connected by a thin tissue mass called the isthmus. Internally, each lobe comprises many small spherical structures known as thyroid follicles, surrounded by a network of blood vessels.
The follicles have a central cavity lined by simple cuboidal to squamous epithelial cells called follicular cells. These cells produce the glycoprotein...
Hyperthyroidism I: Introduction01:25

Hyperthyroidism I: Introduction

Hyperthyroidism is a type of thyrotoxicosis characterized by the thyroid gland's overproduction of the thyroid hormones triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4). This hormone excess increases the basal metabolic rate and enhances sensitivity to catecholamines.DiagnosisDiagnosis is based on clinical features and biochemical testing. It typically shows suppressed thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels below 0.4 mIU/L, with elevated free T3 and/or T4. Additional tests, including thyroid...
Hyperthyroidism II: Pathophysiology01:27

Hyperthyroidism II: Pathophysiology

Hyperthyroidism is a hypermetabolic state caused by elevated levels of thyroid hormones, triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4). It results from dysregulation at the thyroid, pituitary, or immune system level and affects multiple organ systems.PathophysiologyThe most common cause of hyperthyroidism is Graves’ disease, an autoimmune disorder in which antibodies, specifically thyroid-stimulating antibodies (TSAb), a subtype of TSH receptor antibodies (TRAb), bind to and activate TSH receptors...

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Updated: May 17, 2026

Transoral Endoscopic Thyroidectomy Vestibular Approach for Thyroid Lobectomy
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Transoral Endoscopic Thyroidectomy Vestibular Approach for Thyroid Lobectomy

Published on: May 12, 2023

Safe thyroidectomy: Our view point.

J P Dabholkar1, S Chirmade, S Chhapola

  • 1Nair Hospital, Mumbai.

Indian Journal of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery : Official Publication of the Association of Otolaryngologists of India
|November 3, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Safe thyroidectomy requires Head & Neck surgeons to identify and preserve the Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve (RLN) and parathyroid glands. Anatomical knowledge is crucial for minimizing morbidity during thyroid surgery.

Keywords:
Parathyroid glandsRecurrent laryngeal Nerve (RLN)Thyroidectomy

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Transoral Endoscopic Thyroidectomy Vestibular Approach for Thyroid Lobectomy
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Transoral Endoscopic Thyroidectomy Vestibular Approach for Thyroid Lobectomy

Published on: May 12, 2023

Mixed Reality Assisted Radical Endoscopic Thyroidectomy
08:06

Mixed Reality Assisted Radical Endoscopic Thyroidectomy

Published on: January 31, 2025

Area of Science:

  • Otolaryngology
  • Surgical Anatomy
  • Endocrine Surgery

Background:

  • Thyroidectomy is a common surgical procedure.
  • Potential complications include recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) injury and parathyroid damage, leading to significant patient morbidity.
  • Ensuring patient safety during thyroid surgery is paramount.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To emphasize the critical importance of anatomical knowledge for safe thyroidectomy.
  • To highlight the necessity of identifying and preserving the recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) and parathyroid glands.
  • To define the prerequisites for a "safe" thyroidectomy performed by a Head & Neck surgeon.

Main Methods:

  • Review of anatomical landmarks relevant to thyroid surgery.
  • Discussion of surgical techniques for identification and preservation of the RLN.
  • Emphasis on the importance of recognizing parathyroid gland location and vascular supply.

Main Results:

  • Accurate identification of anatomical structures is essential for preventing surgical complications.
  • Preservation of the RLN ensures vocal cord function post-surgery.
  • Maintaining parathyroid viability prevents hypocalcemia.

Conclusions:

  • A "safe" thyroidectomy is achievable through meticulous surgical technique.
  • Thorough anatomical understanding is the cornerstone of minimizing morbidity in thyroid surgery.
  • Head & Neck surgeons must prioritize RLN and parathyroid preservation for optimal patient outcomes.