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MicroRNAs

MicroRNAs

MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns (non-coding regions of a gene) or intergenic regions (stretches of DNA present between genes). Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself, forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA...

MicroRNAs

MicroRNAs

MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns—non-coding regions of a gene—or intergenic regions—stretches of DNA present between genes. Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA ends...

MicroRNAs

MicroRNAs

MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns—non-coding regions of a gene—or intergenic regions—stretches of DNA present between genes. Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA ends...

Proteomics

Proteomics

A proteome is the entire set of proteins that a cell type produces. We can study proteomes using the knowledge of genomes because genes code for mRNAs, and the mRNAs encode proteins. Although mRNA analysis is a step in the right direction, not all mRNAs are translated into proteins.
Proteomics is the study of proteomes' function. It involves the large-scale systematic study of the proteome to denote the protein complement expressed by a genome. Scientist Mark Wilkins coined the term proteomics...

Ribosome Profiling

Ribosome Profiling

Ribosome profiling or ribo-sequencing is a deep sequencing technique that produces a snapshot of active translation in a cell. It selectively sequences the mRNAs protected by ribosomes to get an insight into a cell’s translation landscape at any given point in time.
Applications of ribosome profiling
Ribosome profiling has many applications, including in vivo monitoring of translation inside a particular organ or tissue type and quantifying new protein synthesis levels.
The technique helps...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 17, 2026

mirMachine: A One-Stop Shop for Plant miRNA Annotation

mirMachine: A One-Stop Shop for Plant miRNA Annotation

Published on: May 1, 2021

Proteomics for understanding miRNA biology.

Tai-Chung Huang¹, Sneha M Pinto, Akhilesh Pandey

¹Department of Biological Chemistry, McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.

|November 6, 2012

Summary

Proteomics and labeling strategies are crucial for understanding microRNA (miRNA) biology. These methods help identify miRNA targets and reveal regulatory mechanisms in gene expression.

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Biotin-based Pulldown Assay to Validate mRNA Targets of Cellular miRNAs

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Area of Science:

Molecular Biology
Genetics
Biochemistry

Background:

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small noncoding RNAs regulating gene expression posttranscriptionally.
miRNAs function via the RNA interference pathway, affecting mRNA translation and stability.
Posttranslational modifications of miRNA pathway components are critical regulatory mechanisms.

Purpose of the Study:

To review the application of proteomics in understanding microRNA (miRNA) biology.
To highlight the role of quantitative proteomic strategies in identifying miRNA targets.
To discuss the significance of labeling strategies in miRNA research.

Main Methods:

Mass spectrometry-based proteomics for identifying miRNA processing pathway components.
Quantitative proteomic strategies for direct determination of miRNA target proteins.
Review of existing literature on proteomics and miRNA regulatory mechanisms.

Main Results:

Proteomics has identified core components and posttranslational modifications in miRNA processing.
Quantitative proteomics enables direct experimental identification of miRNA targets.
Proteomic approaches offer insights into miRNA-mediated translational repression.

Conclusions:

Proteomics is indispensable for elucidating microRNA (miRNA) regulatory networks.
Quantitative proteomics and labeling strategies are powerful tools for miRNA target validation.
Understanding miRNA biology is significantly advanced by proteomic methodologies.