Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

T Cell Types and Functions

T Cell Types and Functions

When T cells with CD4 markers are activated, they give rise to two types of effector cells: helper T cells and regulatory T cells. Meanwhile, T cells with CD8 markers differentiate into effector cytotoxic T cells. The differentiation of CD4 T cells into helper T cell subsets, such as Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells, is dependent on the antigen type, antigen-presenting cell, and regulatory cytokines.
Th1 cells stimulate dendritic cells to express necessary co-stimulatory molecules on their surfaces for...

Cell-mediated Immune Responses

Cell-mediated Immune Responses

T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection

T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection

T cells are integral to our adaptive immune system, recognizing and effectively responding to foreign antigens. T cell activation and clonal selection are pivotal in orchestrating this immune response. This article elucidates these mechanisms, detailing the roles of cluster of differentiation (CD) markers, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, costimulatory signals, and the process of clonal selection.
Naive T cells that have not yet encountered an antigen express two primary CD...

Tissue Transplantation

Tissue Transplantation

Tissue transplantation is a significant medical procedure involving the transfer of cells, tissues, or organs from a donor to a recipient, with the primary aim of restoring lost functions. This procedure is crucial in treating a broad spectrum of diseases, including kidney diseases, liver failure, heart disease, and certain types of cancers.
The Biology of Tissue Transplantation
The biology of tissue transplantation hinges on the Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) molecules. These molecules...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

CD4<sup>+</sup>CD25<sup>+</sup> regulatory T cells circumstantially initiate transplant rejection through CXCL15/neutrophil axis.

Communications biology·2026

Same author

Integrating multimodal clinical data with a large model for prostate cancer diagnosis.

NPJ digital medicine·2026

Same author

High Humidity Exacerbates Psoriasiform Skin Disease Relapse by Increasing Tissue-Resident Memory T Cells via Altering Skin Microbiota.

Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany)·2026

Same author

Corrigendum to "Defining Relationships Among Tests for Kidney Transplant Antibody-Mediated Rejection" [<i>Kidney International Reports</i> Volume 10, Issue 9, September 2025, Pages 3225-3238].

Kidney international reports·2026

Same author

Distinguishing Early Depression from Negative Emotion via Multi-Domain EEG Feature Fusion and Multi-Head Additive Attention Network.

Entropy (Basel, Switzerland)·2026

Same author

Identification of a highly functional effector CD8<sup>+</sup> T cell program after transplantation in mice and humans.

American journal of transplantation : official journal of the American Society of Transplantation and the American Society of Transplant Surgeons·2026

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 17, 2026

Generation of Induced Regulatory T Cells from Primary Human Naïve and Memory T Cells

Generation of Induced Regulatory T Cells from Primary Human Naïve and Memory T Cells

Published on: April 16, 2012

Regulatory T cell induction, migration, and function in transplantation.

Bryna E Burrell¹, Yumi Nakayama, Jiangnan Xu

¹Center for Vascular and Inflammatory Diseases, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.

Journal of Immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950)

|November 6, 2012

Summary

Regulatory T cells (Treg) are crucial for immune balance and treating diseases. Treg-based therapies show promise for drug-free transplant tolerance in humans, building on successful mouse studies.

More Related Videos

In Vitro and In Vivo Assessment of T, B and Myeloid Cells Suppressive Activity and Humoral Responses from Transplant Recipients

In Vitro and In Vivo Assessment of T, B and Myeloid Cells Suppressive Activity and Humoral Responses from Transplant Recipients

Published on: August 12, 2017

Adenoviral Transduction of Naive CD4 T Cells to Study Treg Differentiation

Adenoviral Transduction of Naive CD4 T Cells to Study Treg Differentiation

Published on: August 13, 2013

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 17, 2026

Generation of Induced Regulatory T Cells from Primary Human Naïve and Memory T Cells

Generation of Induced Regulatory T Cells from Primary Human Naïve and Memory T Cells

Published on: April 16, 2012

In Vitro and In Vivo Assessment of T, B and Myeloid Cells Suppressive Activity and Humoral Responses from Transplant Recipients

In Vitro and In Vivo Assessment of T, B and Myeloid Cells Suppressive Activity and Humoral Responses from Transplant Recipients

Published on: August 12, 2017

Adenoviral Transduction of Naive CD4 T Cells to Study Treg Differentiation

Adenoviral Transduction of Naive CD4 T Cells to Study Treg Differentiation

Published on: August 13, 2013

Area of Science:

Immunology
Cellular Biology
Transplantation Science

Background:

Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are vital for maintaining immune homeostasis.
Tregs play a key role in modulating diverse immune responses.
Dysregulation of Tregs is implicated in various immune-related diseases.

Purpose of the Study:

To explore the potential of Treg-based therapies for immune-related diseases.
To evaluate the feasibility of Treg induction and transfer for achieving transplant tolerance.
To identify critical factors for advancing Treg therapies from preclinical models to human application.

Main Methods:

Review and analysis of existing research on Treg induction, migration, and function.
Examination of data from mouse models demonstrating Treg-mediated transplant tolerance.
Critical assessment of challenges and opportunities in translating Treg biology to clinical settings.

Main Results:

Treg induction and transfer in mice successfully mediate transplant tolerance.
Treg-based strategies offer a potential pathway for long-term, drug-free transplant tolerance in humans.
Key factors in Treg biology require further investigation for therapeutic development.

Conclusions:

Treg-based therapies hold significant promise for managing immune-related diseases and achieving transplant tolerance.
Further research into Treg induction, migration, and function is essential for clinical translation.
Elucidating fundamental Treg biology is critical for realizing the therapeutic potential in human patients.