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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 17, 2026

A Novel Inhalation Mask System to Deliver High Concentrations of Nitric Oxide Gas in Spontaneously Breathing Subjects
05:46

A Novel Inhalation Mask System to Deliver High Concentrations of Nitric Oxide Gas in Spontaneously Breathing Subjects

Published on: May 4, 2021

Inhaled nitric oxide in preterm infants.

Marilee C Allen, Pamela Donohue, Maureen Gilmore

    Evidence Report/Technology Assessment
    |November 7, 2012
    PubMed
    Summary

    Inhaled nitric oxide (iNO) did not reduce death or bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) alone in preterm infants. However, iNO showed a small benefit in reducing the combined risk of death or BPD.

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    Area of Science:

    • Neonatal Medicine
    • Respiratory Physiology
    • Evidence-Based Medicine

    Background:

    • Preterm infants often require respiratory support.
    • Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is a common complication in preterm infants.
    • Inhaled nitric oxide (iNO) is a potential therapy for respiratory distress in neonates.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To systematically review evidence on inhaled nitric oxide (iNO) use in preterm infants (≤34 weeks gestation).
    • To evaluate iNO's impact on mortality, BPD, neurodevelopmental outcomes, and other risks.

    Main Methods:

    • Systematic review of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and observational studies.
    • Searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, CENTRAL, PsycInfo, conference proceedings, and ClinicalTrials.gov.
    • Data abstracted by two independent investigators.

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    Last Updated: May 17, 2026

    A Novel Inhalation Mask System to Deliver High Concentrations of Nitric Oxide Gas in Spontaneously Breathing Subjects
    05:46

    A Novel Inhalation Mask System to Deliver High Concentrations of Nitric Oxide Gas in Spontaneously Breathing Subjects

    Published on: May 4, 2021

    Intratracheal Instillation of Stem Cells in Term Neonatal Rats
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    Intratracheal Instillation of Stem Cells in Term Neonatal Rats

    Published on: May 4, 2020

    Main Results:

    • No significant difference in mortality or BPD rates between iNO and control groups.
    • A small reduction in the composite outcome of death or BPD (7%) was observed with iNO.
    • No significant differences in brain injury, cerebral palsy, or neurodevelopmental outcomes.

    Conclusions:

    • iNO did not reduce death or BPD individually in preterm infants.
    • Limited evidence exists on iNO's efficacy in specific subgroups or long-term effects.
    • Current evidence does not support routine iNO use outside of clinical trials for preterm infants with respiratory failure.