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Assessment and Evaluation of the High Risk Neonate: The NICU Network Neurobehavioral Scale

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Published on: August 25, 2014

Pediatric Quality Measures in Developmental Screening and Follow-Up.

Genie Han¹, Jennifer O Lambert², Christina D Bethell²

¹Evidence-based Practice Center, Department of Health Policy and Management, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland.

|May 20, 2026

Summary

Quality measures for pediatric developmental screening and follow-up show good reliability, validity, and usability. However, feasibility remains a concern, requiring further research into standardization and stratification to improve early identification of developmental problems.

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Area of Science:

Pediatric Health
Developmental Pediatrics
Healthcare Quality Improvement

Background:

Timely identification and management of developmental problems are crucial for child development.
Existing quality measures for developmental screening and follow-up require comprehensive evaluation.

Purpose of the Study:

To systematically review and summarize existing quality measures for developmental screening and follow-up in children within the United States.
To identify evidence regarding the reliability, validity, usability, and feasibility of these measures.

Main Methods:

Conducted a systematic search of multiple databases (PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, Cochrane Library, PsychINFO) from 2009 to December 2024.
Included systematic reviews, primary studies, and expert-recommended gray literature.
Extracted data on measure definitions, study characteristics, implementation barriers, and research gaps by two independent reviewers.

Main Results:

Identified 67 screening and 61 follow-up measures, primarily for early childhood in clinical settings.
Found substantial evidence for reliability, validity, and usability across many measures, but mixed evidence for feasibility.
Observed limited reporting on measure use variations and minimal evidence on reducing health disparities; common barriers included EHR integration and resource limitations.

Conclusions:

While many pediatric developmental screening and follow-up measures demonstrate strong psychometric properties, their practical feasibility requires attention.
Future research should prioritize enhancing feasibility, standardizing measures, and stratifying data to address diverse populations.
Focusing on these areas can improve the effectiveness of early developmental problem identification and management.