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Related Concept Videos

Magnetic Fields01:27

Magnetic Fields

A moving charge or a current creates a magnetic field in the surrounding space, in addition to its electric field. The magnetic field exerts a force on any other moving charge or current that is present in the field. Like an electric field, the magnetic field is also a vector field. At any position, the direction of the magnetic field is defined as the direction in which the north pole of a compass needle points.
A magnetic field is defined by the force that a charged particle experiences...
Magnetic Susceptibility and Permeability01:31

Magnetic Susceptibility and Permeability

In linear magnetic materials, like paramagnets and diamagnets, magnetization is proportional to the magnetic field intensity. The constant of proportionality, a dimensionless number, is called magnetic susceptibility. The value of the susceptibility depends on the type of material.
When diamagnetic materials are placed under an external magnetic field, the moments opposite to the field are induced. Hence, the susceptibility for diamagnets has a minimal negative value of 10-5–10-6. Since...
Paramagnetism01:30

Paramagnetism

Paramagnets are materials with unpaired electrons that possess a finite magnetic moment. In the absence of a magnetic field, these moments are randomly oriented, and thus the net moment is zero. Under an external field, a torque acting on the moments tends to align them along the field's direction. However, the random thermal motion of electrons produces a torque opposite to the external field and tries to disorient the moments. These two competing effects align only a few moments along the...
Magnetic Vector Potential01:15

Magnetic Vector Potential

In electrostatics, the electric field can be written as the negative gradient of the potential. In magnetostatics, the zero divergence of the magnetic field ensures that the magnetic field can be expressed as the curl of a vector potential. This potential is known as the magnetic vector potential.
Consider an ideal solenoid with n turns per unit length and radius R. If I is the current through the solenoid, the magnetic field inside the solenoid is expressed as the product of vacuum...
Ferromagnetism01:31

Ferromagnetism

Materials like iron, nickel, and cobalt consist of magnetic domains, within which the magnetic dipoles are arranged parallel to each other. The magnetic dipoles are rigidly aligned in the same direction within a domain by quantum mechanical coupling among the atoms. This coupling is so strong that even thermal agitation at room temperature cannot break it. The result is that each domain has a net dipole moment. However, some materials have weaker coupling, and are ferromagnetic at lower...
Energy In A Magnetic Field01:24

Energy In A Magnetic Field

If a magnetic field is sustained, there must be a current in a closed circuit or loop, implying some energy has been spent in creating the field. If this energy is not dissipated via the circuit's resistance, it is stored in the field.
Take an ideal inductor with zero resistance. Although it's practically impossible, assume that the coil's resistance is so small that it is practically negligible. The loss of the field's energy to dissipate thermal energy (or heat) is thus negligible.
The energy...

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Spectral and Angle-Resolved Magneto-Optical Characterization of Photonic Nanostructures
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Spectral and Angle-Resolved Magneto-Optical Characterization of Photonic Nanostructures

Published on: November 21, 2019

Magnetic properties and energy-mapping analysis.

Hongjun Xiang1, Changhoon Lee, Hyun-Joo Koo

  • 1Key Laboratory of Computational Physical Sciences (Ministry of Education), and Department of Physics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, P.R. China. hxiang@fudan.edu.cn

Dalton Transactions (Cambridge, England : 2003)
|November 7, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This review explains how to determine spin Hamiltonians for magnetic solids using first-principles calculations. Energy-mapping analysis helps identify magnetic interactions and predict material properties.

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Area of Science:

  • Condensed Matter Physics
  • Materials Science
  • Quantum Mechanics

Background:

  • Magnetic solids exhibit closely packed energy levels due to weak inter-ion interactions.
  • Describing magnetic properties necessitates generating a magnetic energy spectrum using a spin Hamiltonian.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To discuss the determination and specification of spin Hamiltonians from first-principles electronic structure calculations.
  • To provide a qualitative overview of magnetic energy levels and electronic structures in magnetic solids.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing energy-mapping analysis to evaluate spin exchanges and other magnetic interactions.
  • Applying first-principles electronic structure calculations to derive spin Hamiltonians.
  • Considering spin-orbit coupling (SOC) for transition-metal ion spin orientation.

Main Results:

  • Heisenberg spin exchanges are evaluated based on the spin lattice and strong spin exchange paths.
  • Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya (DM) spin exchange and magnetocrystalline anisotropy energies can be determined via energy-mapping analysis.
  • DM exchange can rival Heisenberg exchange between non-equivalent sites; rare-earth/transition-metal DM interactions depend on rare-earth magnetic orbitals.

Conclusions:

  • Spin Hamiltonians are crucial for understanding magnetic solids, with energy-mapping analysis providing a robust method for their derivation.
  • The study clarifies the roles of different magnetic interactions and their origins in various magnetic systems.