Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Allergic Reactions: Anaphylaxis

Allergic Reactions: Anaphylaxis

Anaphylaxis is a severe, life-threatening hypersensitivity reaction mediated by Immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibodies. When IgE binds to allergens, it triggers the release of mediators– histamine, leukotrienes, and prostaglandins from mast cells and basophils. These mediators cause vasodilation, edema, and inflammation, leading to various symptoms.The primary allergens causing anaphylaxis include food items (e.g., peanuts, shellfish), drugs (e.g., penicillin, asparaginase, corticotropin, heparin),...

Allergic Reactions

Allergic Reactions

Allergic Drug Reactions

Allergic Drug Reactions

Allergic reactions related to drugs are hypersensitivity responses driven by the immune system and bear no connection to the drug's therapeutic action. While drugs in isolation do not trigger an immune response, they can interact with endogenous proteins to form antigens. These antigens stimulate lymphocytes to produce antibodies. IgE-type antibodies attach themselves to mast cells. Upon subsequent exposure to the same stimulus, the antigen-antibody interaction is initiated, unleashing numerous...

Drug Toxicity: Allergic Reactions

Drug Toxicity: Allergic Reactions

Drug-related allergies are immune-mediated responses triggered by the administration of pharmacological agents. These hypersensitivity reactions are classified based on the immune mechanisms involved. The four primary types—Type I, II, III, and IV—are mediated by different immunological pathways and exhibit distinct clinical manifestations.Type I Hypersensitivity/ IgE-Mediated Reactions: Immunoglobulin E (IgE) immediately mediates Type I hypersensitivity reactions. Upon initial exposure to a...

Hypersensitivity Reactions: Delayed Hypersensitivity Reactions

Hypersensitivity Reactions: Delayed Hypersensitivity Reactions

Delayed-Type Hypersensitivity (DTH), or Type IV hypersensitivity, is a cell-mediated immune response. It occurs when T cells, rather than antibodies, mediate a reaction to specific antigens. It is characterized by a delayed onset (1-2 days) and involves the recruitment of macrophages to the inflammation site.The initiation of a DTH response begins with the sensitization of T cells. During this phase, which lasts at least 1-2 weeks, antigen-specific T cells are activated, clonally expanded, and...

Hypersensitivity Reactions: Immune-Complex Reactions

Hypersensitivity Reactions: Immune-Complex Reactions

Type III hypersensitivity reactions occur when antigen–antibody complexes form and activate the complement system. Normally, these complexes help the clearance of antigens by phagocytes and red blood cells. However, when large numbers of immune complexes are present, they can deposit in tissues—particularly in the walls of blood vessels—leading to inflammation and tissue injury. These deposits trigger complement activation and neutrophil recruitment, resulting in serum sickness, a systemic...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

CT-defined orbital wall burden and early visual dysfunction in acute orbital.

Emergency radiology·2026

Same author

Comparative performance of manual triage systems and ML models in predicting clinical outcomes among patients transported to the emergency department by emergency medical services.

BMC emergency medicine·2026

Same author

Clinical characteristics and outcomes of intracranial hemorrhage in geriatric patients receiving non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants: a multicenter observational study.

Irish journal of medical science·2026

Same author

Follow-Up of Post-Traumatic Headache Patients: A Multicenter Prospective Study on Headache Phenotype and Impact after Mild Traumatic Brain Injury.

Journal of neurotrauma·2026

Same author

Uncovering Type 2 inflammatory profiles in severe eosinophilic asthma with nasal polyps: the role of transcript-protein ratios and <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> enterotoxin B-specific IgE.

Allergologia et immunopathologia·2026

Same author

Can point-of-care ultrasound improve the predictive accuracy of early warning scores in critically ill emergency department patients?: A prospective observational study.

Medicine·2026

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 17, 2026

Basophil Activation Test for Allergy Diagnosis

Basophil Activation Test for Allergy Diagnosis

Published on: May 31, 2021

Biphasic anaphylaxis to gemifloxacin.

Insu Yilmaz¹, Serkan Doğan, Nuri Tutar

¹Department of Chest Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri 38030, Turkey.

Asia Pacific Allergy

|November 7, 2012

Summary

Severe anaphylaxis to gemifloxacin, a fluoroquinolone antibiotic, was observed in an elderly male patient. This resistant and biphasic reaction occurred despite the absence of prior reports, highlighting potential risks in patients with comorbidities.

Keywords:

ACE inhibitor Alpha blocker Beta blocker Biphasic anaphylaxis Gemifloxacin

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 17, 2026

Basophil Activation Test for Allergy Diagnosis

Basophil Activation Test for Allergy Diagnosis

Published on: May 31, 2021

Area of Science:

Pharmacology
Clinical Medicine
Adverse Drug Reactions

Background:

Fluoroquinolone antibiotics, including ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin, norfloxacin, levofloxacin, and moxifloxacin, are known to cause anaphylaxis.
Anaphylactic and biphasic reactions to gemifloxacin have not been previously documented in medical literature.

Observation:

A 60-year-old male patient experienced a severe, resistant, and biphasic anaphylactic reaction to gemifloxacin mesylate.
The patient was concurrently taking an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor and alpha (α) and beta (β) adrenergic blockers.

Findings:

This case represents the first reported instance of resistant and biphasic anaphylaxis to gemifloxacin.
The patient's concurrent medications may have complicated the management of the severe anaphylactic reaction.

Implications:

Clinicians should be aware of the potential for severe, resistant, and biphasic anaphylaxis to gemifloxacin, even in the absence of prior reports.
Management of anaphylaxis in elderly patients with comorbidities, particularly those on cardiovascular medications, requires careful consideration.
Further research is warranted to understand the mechanisms and risk factors associated with gemifloxacin-induced anaphylaxis.